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The organization of spatial and temporal information relative to memory-movement interactions was studied in a recall task. Stimuli consisted of four different configurations of eight dots, presented sequentially. In two configurations, the stimuli were spatiotemporal congruent, with (constant or variable) inter-stimulus distances corresponding to (constant or variable) inter-stimulus time intervals. In the other two configurations, the stimuli were spatiotemporal incongruent, with (constant or variable) inter-stimulus distances not corresponding to (variable or constant) inter-stimulus time intervals. After a learning phase consisting of 20 presentations of the target configuration, participants performed a series of pointing movements to reproduce both spatial and temporal characteristics of the stimulus 60 times in succession without ever re-examining the target configuration. Classically, in incongruent spatiotemporal conditions, the reproduction of, respectively, constant distances or constant time intervals are strongly disturbed by the simultaneous perception of variable inter-stimulus time intervals (Tau effect) or variable distances (Kappa effect). We assume that these spatiotemporal dependencies, which occur when the response relates to one dimension only, crucially depend on the non-integration of motoric aspects in memory. 相似文献
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Karyn Doba Jean-Louis Nandrino Annick Lesne Laurent Pezard 《New Ideas in Psychology》2008,26(2):295-308
Family theories of anorexia nervosa point out that patients’ autobiographic speech may reflect internalized family interactions. Our study characterizes the statistical distribution and temporal organization of the narrative components describing personal relationships in anorexic and control subjects. Semantic components related to personal interactions were encoded from life narratives of 14 adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (restrictive type) and of 13 matched healthy adolescent girls. Speech analysis was performed using both statistical methods and non-linear time-series analysis. Static indices showed an over-representation of family relations and an under-representation of love relations in anorexic patients. Dynamical indices showed the independence between relational systems in anorexic patients. Dynamical analysis reveals that interactional patterns are internalized through the temporal organization of autobiographical speech. Moreover, these results support the existence of a specific temporal organization in anorexic adolescents’ life narratives which express the internalization of stationary family patterns and indicate relative inability to disengage from active previous relational patterns and to create new ones. 相似文献
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In this paper we investigate the flexibility of foraging behavior in the leaf-cutting ant Atta colombica, both at the individual and collective levels, following a change in the physical properties of their environment. We studied
in laboratory conditions the changes occurring in foraging behavior when a height constraint was placed 1 cm above part of
the trail linking the nest to the foraging area. We found that the size and shape of the fragments of foraging material brought
back to the nest were significantly modified when the constraint was placed on the trail: independent of their size, forager
ants cut smaller and rounder fragments in the presence of a height constraint than in its absence. This size adjustment does
not require any direct sensory feedback because it occurred when the ants cut fragments in the foraging area; no further cutting
was done when they encountered the constraint. This points to the existence of a template that ants store and use as a reference
to adjust their reach while cutting. Remarkably, despite the decrease in the foraging material brought to the nest per capita
the colony was still able to improve its foraging performance by doubling the number of transporters. This study illustrates
the flexibility of foraging behavior exhibited by an ant colony. It provides a rare example of insects finding an intelligent
solution to a problem occurring in a foraging context, at both the individual and collective levels. 相似文献
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Potier Simon Duriez Olivier Célérier Aurélie Liegeois Jean-Louis Bonadonna Francesco 《Animal cognition》2019,22(1):49-59
Animal Cognition - Raptors are usually considered to be mainly visually dependent, and the use of other sensory modalities has rarely been studied in these birds. Here, we investigated... 相似文献
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In this article we describe a new method, the Virtual Enactment Method (VEM), to enhance offender recall and motivation to disclose information by having burglars reflect on their experience while committing a crime in a simulated virtual environment. Participants, a sample of 61 incarcerated burglars, ‘thought aloud’ whilst undertaking a virtual burglary. Following the ‘virtual’ burglary, emerging themes were expanded upon in an interview. We show that the simulated environment effectively reinstates the criminogenic event, increases engagement, enhances recall, and encourages participants to talk more openly about their experiences, skills and knowledge. 相似文献
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Jean-Louis van Gelder Corinna Martin Jan-Willem van Prooijen Reinout de Vries Marijke Marsman Margit Averdijk 《Deviant behavior》2018,39(4):461-474
We compared participant responses on three written guardianship scenarios versus visualized versions of the same scenarios in terms of realism, presence, negative affect elicited by the situation, perceived risk, and the choice to intervene. We find that people who received the visual scenarios report higher presence, but not realism, than those who received the written version. Furthermore, visual scenarios elicited stronger negative affect and resulted in a lower likelihood to intervene. Finally, presence, but not negative affect, mediated the relation between condition and the choice to intervene. Implications of the visual scenario method for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Jean-Louis Roussel Michel Fayol Pierre Barrouillet 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2013,25(1):61-104
The opposition between declarative and procedural knowledge is used to account for the solution by more or less expert and novice arithmeticians of simple additions and multiplications presented either in mixed blocks (Experiments 1 and 3) or unmixed blocks (Experiment 2) in an equation verification task. In the three experiments, presenting the sign (+ vs 2) before the operands had a stronger effect in additions than in multiplications. This priming effect indicates that many participants use a counting procedure for additions that coexists with the declarative knowledge stored in the associative network. In contrast, the small size (and sometimes the absence) of a priming effect for the ''x'' sign, together with the weak effect of size and the frequency of interaction effects, reveals the essentially declarative nature of multiplication solution. 相似文献