Entrevista con el professor Johannes C. Brengelmann

RESUMEN

Johannes C. Brengelmann dirige la sección de Psicología del instituto Max-Planck de Munich y es ampliamente conocido en España por su influencia directa o indirecta sobre algunos de los psicólogos que más han contribuido a la extensión de las técnicas de Modificación de Conducta en España. Tanto desde una perspectiva institucional como desde un punto de vista científico, su aportación al desarrollo de los procedimientos conductuales en Europa ha sido decisiva. En esta entrevista, el profesor Brengelmann, se refiere a las influencias recibidas en su formación, sus intereses actuales en la psicología clínica y medicina comportamental y la organización del trabajo en la sección de psicología del Instituto Max-Planck de psiquiatría. También evalúa críticamente el desarrollo de las terapias cognitivas y valora el desarrollo de la psicología española en el contexto de la Europea.     

Entrevista con Heiner Ellgring

RESUMEN

En esta entrevista con el psicólogo Heiner Ellgring, investigador del Instituto Max Planck de Munich, se habla, entre otros temas, de las investigaciones del profesor Ellging dentro de la psicología social y la psicología clínica desde el punto de vista de la aplicación de conceptos de la etología, la psicología cognitiva y la psicología social en el estudio de las emociones y el análisis conductual no-verbal. La interpretación de este “lenguaje silencioso” de gestos, miradas y posturas, como fuente de conocimiento para la aplicación de las investigaciones de la Psicología básica en la interpretación y práctica clínica.     

Evaluación de la escala de control de la acción

Resumen

El objetivo ele la investigación fue determinar las propiedades psicométricas básicas de la Escala de Control de la Acción de Kuhl en una muesta de estudiantes mexicanos. La escala fue traducida y sometida a varias revisiones por los autores, después de lo cual se aplicó a una muestra de 180 estudiantes universitarios. La confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach de las diferentes subescalas fue baja. Un análisis de componentes principales con rotación ortogonal mostró que el porcentaje de varianza explicada por el primer factor de cada subescala fue muy pequeño. Se intenta explicar los resultados con base en la deficiente caracterización que hace Kubl de las diferentes clases de orientación hacia el estado y factores de tipo cultural.     

Entrevista con J. Watson

RESUMEN

Esta entrevista comienza planteando las diferencias entre los experimentos de J. Watson sobre percepción de contingencias en niños pequeños y los de la tradición conductista. El autor afirma seguir manteniendo sus concepciones iniciales acerca del reconocimiento de una configuración estimular como “objeto social” en niños de tres-cuatro meses: explica que el niño posee algún esquema o estrategia para descubrir miembros de la propia especie y un paquete de respuestas aplicable a estos miembros que busca estimulaciones que sean altamente contingentes con la propia conducta. También aborda las modificaciones parciales que ha sufrido su modelo desde entonces, finalizando con algunas reflexiones en torno a la producción de estimulaciones propioceptivas, visuales, táctiles y auditivas contingentes con la propia conducta.     

Ethical Issues in Psychologists' Professional Practice: Agreement Over Problematic Professional Behaviors Among Spanish Psychologists

A sample of 703 Spanish psychologists completed an online survey containing 114 behaviors related to professional practice in different areas. The aim of the study was to learn which professional behaviors create ethical dilemmas most often for psychologists and how they respond to these issues. Findings suggest that psychologists who have actually faced a particular dilemma are less strict on judging the inappropriateness of a possible ethical transgression than those psychologists who have not experienced it. Also, four clusters can be identified according to the attitude of respondents toward the dilemmas, namely “rejection,” “aprioristic,” “utilitarian,” and “no conflict.”     

Motivational Effects of the Perceived Image of Non‐governmental Organisations

The motivational effect of the perceived image of non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) was analysed in two studies. Results from the first study, comprising two samples (N = 314 and N = 220), point to three dimensions of the perceived image of NGOs (solidarity, misleading and instrumentality). These dimensions have different effects on intention to collaborate and to recommend others to collaborate. In the second study, with a sample of N = 485, confirmatory analysis confirmed the three‐factor solution as appropriate. The misleading image emerged as a source of reactance to NGO campaigns. Results suggest the importance of promoting the image of solidarity as a motivational strategy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Role of Emotions in a Model of Behavioral Intentions of Visitors to the Gaudí Historic House Museums in Barcelona,Spain

ABSTRACT

This study examined an integrated model of behavioral intentions toward historic house museums, through the simultaneous relationships among visitors' perceptions of the historic house museum, crowding, interactions with employees, emotions about their visit, intention to revisit the museum and recommend it to others, and the moderator effect of price fairness. Seven hundred thirty-six visitors were surveyed after visiting La Pedrera and Casa Batlló, the historic house museums of the architect Antoni Gaudí in Barcelona. The results from a structural equation model indicate that visitors' perception of the historic house museum (i.e., their appreciation of the houses' architecture, aesthetic quality, artistic work, and accessibility), visitors' positive interactions with employees, and low levels of crowding are antecedents of positive emotions, and visitors' positive emotions about their visit are a predictor of intentions to revisit and recommend the museum to others. In addition, price fairness was tested as a moderator effect using multigroup analysis. This analysis consists of comparing two subsamples of visitors, which were selected according to whether they believe the admission price is fair or unfair. The effect between perceptions of the historic house museum and positive emotions, and the effect of positive emotions on behavioral intentions is greater for visitors who found the price fair than for those who found the price unfair. The results lead to recommendations for cultural heritage managers.     

How Do Educational Attainment and Occupational and Wage-Earner Statuses Affect Life Satisfaction? A Gender Perspective Study

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of education on life satisfaction once indirect effects through income, health, participation in the workforce or professional status are controlled for. The focus is placed on gender differences, thus studying whether the effects of education on life satisfaction differ for women and men and whether occupational variables and the individual’s role in the household may mediate this relationship. Among the results, we find that gender differences in life satisfaction tend to disappear when account is taken of the individuals’ role as primary wage earner in the household. Regarding education, our results suggest that its impact on satisfaction with life differs for women and men: both direct and indirect effects of education are found for women whereas no direct effects of education appear in the case of men, but only indirect effects through enhanced job opportunities and professional status.     

Taxonomy of the psychosocial consequences caused by the violence of persecution of ETA's network

This paper delimits and analyzes the effects of the harassment perpetrated by ETA's terrorist network in the Basque Country. The aim was to provide a taxonomy of the consequences of psychological violence and to validate this taxonomy, by means of a content analysis of 37 testimonies of victims of terrorist violence. The taxonomy of consequences of psychological violence is made up by four components: 1. the effects on the context of the persons affected, 2. on their emotional state, 3. on cognition and 4. on behavior. Results show a predominance of contextual consequences and negative cognitions. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability analysis showed high stability and reproducibility coefficients. This study shows that harassment and psychological violence have major consequences not only for victims but also for family members, threatened collectives and even the society as a whole.     

Intelligence impairment, personality features and psychopathology disturbances in a family affected with CADASIL

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a small-vessel disease of the brain that is characterized by headache, recurring lacunar strokes, mood changes and progressive cognitive deterioration. The disease is transmitted with an autosomal dominant pattern and usually starts during midadulthood (at 30-50 years of age). Cognitive deficits in patients with CADASIL develop slowly. The dementia causes frontal-like symptoms and it typically develops after a history of recurrent stroke. We describe three patients from one Spanish family affected by this disease. All three cases underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological examination, and were monitored for seven years. The results obtained in this study describe a) a significant loss of the intelligence quotient (IQ) and noticeable damage to abstract ability (g factor), b) mood and psychopathological disturbances (major depression and dysthymia), and c) a personality with neurotic features.