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21.
Fincher & Thornhill (F&T) present a model of in-group assortative sociality resulting from differing levels of parasite-stress in differing geographical locations in the United States and the world. Their model, while compelling, overlooks some important issues, such as mutualistic associations with parasites that are beneficial to humans and how some religious practices increase parasite risk.  相似文献   
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When you see a person's face, how do you go about combining his or her facial features to make a decision about who that person is? Most current theories of face perception assert that the ability to recognize a human face is not simply the result of an independent analysis of individual features, but instead involves a holistic coding of the relationships among features. This coding is thought to enhance people's ability to recognize a face beyond what would be expected if each feature were shown in isolation. In the study reported here, we explicitly tested this idea by comparing human performance on facial-feature integration with that of an optimal Bayesian integrator. Contrary to the predictions of most current notions of face perception, our findings showed that human observers integrate facial features in a manner that is no better than would be predicted by their ability to use each individual feature when shown in isolation. That is, a face is perceived no better than the sum of its individual parts.  相似文献   
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When, in relation to the execution of an eye movement, does the recoding of visual information from retinotopic to spatiotopic coordinates happen? Two laboratories seeking to answer this question using oculomotor inhibition of return (IOR) have generated different answers: Math?t and Theeuwes (Psychological Science 21:1793?C1798, 2010) found evidence for the initial coding of IOR to be retinotopic, while Pertzov, Zohary, and Avidan (Journal of Neuroscience 30:8882?C8887, 2010) found evidence for spatiotopic IOR at even shorter postsaccadic intervals than were tested by Math?t and Theeuwes (Psychological Science 21:1793?C1798, 2010). To resolve this discrepancy, we conducted two experiments that combined the methods of the previous two studies while testing as early as possible. We found early spatiotopic IOR in both experiments, suggesting that visual events, including prior fixations, are typically coded into an abstract, allocentric representation of space either before or during eye movements. This type of coding enables IOR to encourage orienting toward novelty and, consequently, to perform the role of a foraging facilitator.  相似文献   
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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - Relative to children without autism spectrum disorder (ASD), children with ASD experience elevated sleep problems that can contribute to...  相似文献   
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Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analyses of the Beavers Interactional Scales did not appear to support the model offered by its developers, namely, several specified family attributes contributing respectively to two global factors of Family Competence and Family Style. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that only three of 12 items predicted raters' assessments of Global Family Health, and one of seven items predicted Global Family Style. Individuals interested in the family dynamic centripetal/centrifugal might best think of that as a unitary entity and rate it accordingly.  相似文献   
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This paper examines the role of word frequency in the computation of subject–verb number agreement. Previous research in both production and comprehension has demonstrated that processing difficulties can arise in sentence structures containing a singular subject noun followed by a plural distractor noun, as in The key to the cabinets.¨ A whole sentence reading task was employed to determine whether the relative frequency with which the distractor noun appears in its singular or plural form would affect the degree of processing difficulty experienced by readers. Results suggest that the agreement process is, indeed, sensitive to this factor and this finding is compatible with activation-based accounts of the implementation of number agreement.  相似文献   
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In this study, we used think-aloud protocols to compare how 44 fingerprint examiners and 44 novices analysed prints. Through this qualitative approach, we discovered several notable differences. Experts focused on local ridge characteristics and minute details of each print, while novices concentrated more on global features. Additionally, experts demonstrated adaptability in dynamically planning their systematic approach and integrated specialised knowledge of causal factors affecting prints. In contrast, the novices relied more on general intuition. Furthermore, experts consistently displayed critical thinking and metacognition, carefully weighing the reliability of each identifying feature before making conclusions. However, there was variation in the precise evaluation approaches and conclusion thresholds among experts. Overall, these findings reveal the substantial complexity, adaptability and domain knowledge enhancing expert performance in fingerprint analysis. We discuss implications including balancing training of intuitive and analytical reasoning, implementing more detailed documentation, incorporating falsification practices and driving statistical advancements to strengthen evidence evaluation.  相似文献   
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