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61.
The demands of an ongoing activity influence the success of event-based prospective memory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate whether event-based prospective memory would be sensitive to the concurrent demands of the ongoing activity in which intention-related cues were embedded. In Experiments 1 and 2, random alternation between two judgments in the ongoing task reduced prospective memory as compared with having a single task throughout. In Experiment 3, participants' making two binary judgments on every trial resulted in worse prospective memory than did their making single four-alternative judgments. In Experiment 4, participants' making two related judgments resulted in better prospective memory than did their making two unrelated judgments. The results are consistent in spirit with a production rule account of the processing resources that are available when intention-related cues are encountered. Therefore, event-based prospective memory can inversely covary with the cognitive demands of the ongoing activity. 相似文献
62.
This study investigated issues related to commonly used socioeconomic status (SES) measures in 140 participants from three cities (Atlanta, Boston, and Toronto) in two countries (United States and Canada). Measures of SES were two from the United States (four-factor Hollingshead scale, Nakao and Treas scale) and one from Canada (Blishen, Carroll, and Moore scale). Reliability was examined both within (interrater agreement) and across (intermeasure agreement) measures. Interrater reliability and classification agreement was high for the total sample (ranger = .86 to .91), as were intermeasure correlations and classification agreement (range r = .81 to .88). The weakest agreement across measures was found when families had one wage earner who was female. Validity data for these SES measures with academic and intellectual measures also were obtained. Some support for a simplified approach to measuring SES was found. Implications of these findings for the use of SES in social and behavioral science research are discussed. 相似文献
63.
The interconnection of social theory to social aspects of aging has grown in recent years. The theoretical movement entitled structured dependency, couched in social class analysis, has tended to ignore an understanding of aging identity, the body, cultural representations of aging, and positive images of aging, all of which are central features of an emerging postmodern paradigm in gerontological theory. This article argues that the concept of gender can form a useful bridge, a continuity, between structured dependency and postmodernism in theoretical gerontology. Unfortunately, the compartmentalization of these two conceptual approaches has made their links difficult to forge. This article attempts to take a first step in this direction by highlighting the way postmodern ideas can be used to understand a modernist issue—gender in a gerontological context. Also, focusing on the aging body as a primary form of analysis generates some novel insights into the importance of both the theoretical understanding and cultural representations of the body. 相似文献
64.
This paper examines the role of word frequency in the computation of subject–verb number agreement. Previous research in both production and comprehension has demonstrated that processing difficulties can arise in sentence structures containing a singular subject noun followed by a plural distractor noun, as in The key to the cabinets.¨ A whole sentence reading task was employed to determine whether the relative frequency with which the distractor noun appears in its singular or plural form would affect the degree of processing difficulty experienced by readers. Results suggest that the agreement process is, indeed, sensitive to this factor and this finding is compatible with activation-based accounts of the implementation of number agreement. 相似文献
65.
Andrew Jason Cohen 《The Journal of Ethics》2000,4(4):427-428
Other Index
Key Word Index Volume 4 相似文献66.
Alloy LB Abramson LY Hogan ME Whitehouse WG Rose DT Robinson MS Kim RS Lapkin JB 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2000,109(3):403-418
The authors tested the cognitive vulnerability hypotheses of depression with a retrospective behavioral high-risk design. Individuals without current Axis I diagnoses who exhibited either negative or positive cognitive styles were compared on lifetime prevalence of depressive and other disorders and the clinical parameters of depressive episodes. Consistent with predictions, cognitively high-risk participants had higher lifetime prevalence than low-risk participants of major and hopelessness depression and marginally higher prevalence of minor depression. These group differences were specific to depressive disorders. The high-risk group also had more severe depressions than the low-risk group, but not longer duration or earlier onset depressions. The risk group differences in prevalence of depressive disorders were not mediated by current depressive symptoms. 相似文献
67.
The Simon effect is the performance advantage for spatially corresponding, compared to non-corresponding, target-response
ensembles when the location of the target is task irrelevant. In four experiments, we tested the predictions of the attention-shift
account of the Simon effect. In all experiments, subjects made choice responses with respect to the identity of a central
target that followed a spatially non-informative peripheral precue. The first experiment showed a Simon effect away from the
precue when the precue was a go/no-go signal: responses to spatially non-corresponding precue-response pairs were faster than
responses to spatially corresponding precue-response pairs. The results of the second experiment suggested that this “reverse”
Simon effect was not due to inhibition. In the third experiment, a secondary working memory task required the encoding, and
later recall, of “oddball” precues. Although the Simon effect was absent, larger Simon effects towards the precue (i.e., responses
were faster to spatially corresponding, compared to non-corresponding, precue-response ensembles) were correlated with poorer
performance on the memory task. In the last experiment, the identity of completely non-informative precues was congruent,
incongruent, or unrelated to the identity of the target. With precues that were unrelated to the identity of the target, there
was a Simon effect towards the precues. Conversely, the Simon effect occurred away from the precue when the identity of the
precue was related to that of the target. The findings suggest that a shift of attention alone is not sufficient to produce
the Simon effect. Rather, the shift of attention must originate from an intentionally defined object. The results are discussed
within a framework that integrates the attention-shift and referential-coding hypotheses.
Received: 2 December 1999 / Accepted: 23 March 2000 相似文献
68.
Robert E. Lee Kathleen Burns Jager Jason B. Whiting Catherine T. Kwantes 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2000,22(1):81-90
Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analyses of the Beavers Interactional Scales did not appear to support the model offered by its developers, namely, several specified family attributes contributing respectively to two global factors of Family Competence and Family Style. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that only three of 12 items predicted raters' assessments of Global Family Health, and one of seven items predicted Global Family Style. Individuals interested in the family dynamic centripetal/centrifugal might best think of that as a unitary entity and rate it accordingly. 相似文献
69.
70.