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951.
Andrea Hildebrandt Oliver Lüdtke Alexander Robitzsch Christopher Sommer Oliver Wilhelm 《Multivariate behavioral research》2016,51(2-3):257-258
Using an empirical data set, we investigated variation in factor model parameters across a continuous moderator variable and demonstrated three modeling approaches: multiple-group mean and covariance structure (MGMCS) analyses, local structural equation modeling (LSEM), and moderated factor analysis (MFA). We focused on how to study variation in factor model parameters as a function of continuous variables such as age, socioeconomic status, ability levels, acculturation, and so forth. Specifically, we formalized the LSEM approach in detail as compared with previous work and investigated its statistical properties with an analytical derivation and a simulation study. We also provide code for the easy implementation of LSEM. The illustration of methods was based on cross-sectional cognitive ability data from individuals ranging in age from 4 to 23 years. Variations in factor loadings across age were examined with regard to the age differentiation hypothesis. LSEM and MFA converged with respect to the conclusions. When there was a broad age range within groups and varying relations between the indicator variables and the common factor across age, MGMCS produced distorted parameter estimates. We discuss the pros of LSEM compared with MFA and recommend using the two tools as complementary approaches for investigating moderation in factor model parameters. 相似文献
952.
Sy-Miin Chow Jason J. Bendezú Pamela M. Cole Nilam Ram 《Multivariate behavioral research》2016,51(2-3):154-184
Several approaches exist for estimating the derivatives of observed data for model exploration purposes, including functional data analysis (FDA; Ramsay &; Silverman, 2005), generalized local linear approximation (GLLA; Boker, Deboeck, Edler, &; Peel, 2010), and generalized orthogonal local derivative approximation (GOLD; Deboeck, 2010). These derivative estimation procedures can be used in a two-stage process to fit mixed effects ordinary differential equation (ODE) models. While the performance and utility of these routines for estimating linear ODEs have been established, they have not yet been evaluated in the context of nonlinear ODEs with mixed effects. We compared properties of the GLLA and GOLD to an FDA-based two-stage approach denoted herein as functional ordinary differential equation with mixed effects (FODEmixed) in a Monte Carlo (MC) study using a nonlinear coupled oscillators model with mixed effects. Simulation results showed that overall, the FODEmixed outperformed both the GLLA and GOLD across all the embedding dimensions considered, but a novel use of a fourth-order GLLA approach combined with very high embedding dimensions yielded estimation results that almost paralleled those from the FODEmixed. We discuss the strengths and limitations of each approach and demonstrate how output from each stage of FODEmixed may be used to inform empirical modeling of young children’s self-regulation. 相似文献
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955.
Sarah D. Herrmann Robert Mark Adelman Jessica E. Bodford Oliver Graudejus Morris A. Okun Virginia S. Y. Kwan 《Basic and applied social psychology》2016,38(5):258-268
Women are more likely to leave science, technology, engineering, and mathematics compared to men, in part because they lack similar role models such as peers, teaching assistants, and instructors. We examined the effect of a brief, scalable online intervention that consisted of a letter from a female role model who normalized concerns about belonging, presented time spent on academics as an investment, and exemplified overcoming challenges on academic performance and persistence. The intervention was implemented in introductory psychology (Study 1, N?=?258) and chemistry (Study 2, N?=?68) courses. Relative to the control group, the intervention group had higher grades and lower failing and withdrawal rates. 相似文献
956.
Mareike Flögel Karl Theodor Kalveram Oliver Christ Joachim Vogt 《Psychological research》2016,80(2):298-306
The “rubber hand illusion (RHI)” is a perceptual illusion, which allows the integration of artificial limbs into the body representation of a person by means of combined visual and tactile stimulation. The illusion has been frequently replicated but always concerning the upper limbs. The present study verified an analog illusion that can be called the “rubber foot illusion” (RFI). In a conjoint experiment using both a rubber hand and a rubber foot, brushstrokes were applied to the respective real and rubber limb placed alongside the real one. However, only the artificial limb’s handling was visible. The brushstrokes were given either synchronously, with a delay of ±0.5 s, or without tactile stimulation of the real limb. Questionnaire data and the proprioceptive drift towards the rubber limb (determined by calling on the subjects to show where they locate their unseen limb) defined the illusion strength. Results revealed that the illusion was induced in both limbs with comparable strength, but only in the synchronous condition. 相似文献
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958.
Dorothy Evans Holmes 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2016,26(6):678-682
Whether the three discussions are framed in terms of the pull on all of us to the socio-political world in which we live (Guralnik), the usefulness of interpersonal psychoanalysis as a way of working (White), or the need to legitimize culturally imposed trauma in the face of resistances to doing so (Tummala-Narra), each commentator offers meaningful elaborations on what I have offered and/or alternative perspectives to be considered. This response affords me a welcome opportunity to celebrate and elaborate the multiple ways in which culture and cultural trauma can be conceptualized, understood, and worked with in the consultation room. I hope these papers, considered together, will make cultural trauma more accessible to work with for all psychoanalytic clinicians. 相似文献
959.
Joseph M. Currier Kent D. Drescher Jason M. Holland Ross Lisman David W. Foy 《The International journal for the psychology of religion》2016,26(2):167-179
Combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a debilitating condition that has been linked with problems with forgiveness and impaired quality of life (QOL) in physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. However, an amassing base of research studies also suggests that spirituality can be a vital resource for veterans exposed to severe traumas. Drawing on multidimensional assessments of spirituality and QOL, this study therefore tested direct/indirect associations between spirituality, forgiveness, and QOL among 678 military veterans with PTSD. When controlling for demographic risk factors, combat exposure, and PTSD symptom severity, structural equation modeling results revealed (a) an overall positive effect for spirituality on QOL and (b) that forgiveness fully mediated this link. These findings align with contemporary models of military trauma and suggest that forgiveness could be a critical pathway for promoting QOL as veterans attempt to recover from their posttraumatic symptomatology in treatment settings. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed in the article. 相似文献
960.
Justin N. Wood Aditya Prasad Jason G. Goldman Samantha M. W. Wood 《Animal cognition》2016,19(4):835-845
To what extent are newborn brains designed to operate over natural visual input? To address this question, we used a high-throughput controlled-rearing method to examine whether newborn chicks (Gallus gallus) show enhanced learning of natural visual sequences at the onset of vision. We took the same set of images and grouped them into either natural sequences (i.e., sequences showing different viewpoints of the same real-world object) or unnatural sequences (i.e., sequences showing different images of different real-world objects). When raised in virtual worlds containing natural sequences, newborn chicks developed the ability to recognize familiar images of objects. Conversely, when raised in virtual worlds containing unnatural sequences, newborn chicks’ object recognition abilities were severely impaired. In fact, the majority of the chicks raised with the unnatural sequences failed to recognize familiar images of objects despite acquiring over 100 h of visual experience with those images. Thus, newborn chicks show enhanced learning of natural visual sequences at the onset of vision. These results indicate that newborn brains are designed to operate over natural visual input. 相似文献