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Age-eligible women enrolled in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program can obtain free or low-cost mammograms annually, but many do not routinely complete rescreening. This study investigated the rescreening behavior of low-income women by conducting 8 focus groups in Texas with enrollees who had access to free mammograms. Concerns mentioned in the focus groups included fear of radiation, anxiety that the test might not find a cancer that was there, and worries that cancer might be detected. In all groups, some women mentioned the embarrassment, discomfort, or pain they experienced during a prior mammogram, although no one indicated they would refuse to have another mammogram because of these concerns. Findings highlight the useful insights that can be obtained from focus groups and underscore the need for more research on aspects of the experience of mammography that may affect rescreening. 相似文献
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When you see a person's face, how do you go about combining his or her facial features to make a decision about who that person is? Most current theories of face perception assert that the ability to recognize a human face is not simply the result of an independent analysis of individual features, but instead involves a holistic coding of the relationships among features. This coding is thought to enhance people's ability to recognize a face beyond what would be expected if each feature were shown in isolation. In the study reported here, we explicitly tested this idea by comparing human performance on facial-feature integration with that of an optimal Bayesian integrator. Contrary to the predictions of most current notions of face perception, our findings showed that human observers integrate facial features in a manner that is no better than would be predicted by their ability to use each individual feature when shown in isolation. That is, a face is perceived no better than the sum of its individual parts. 相似文献
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Four studies tested the prediction that positive affect (PA) would relate more strongly to meaning in life (MIL) as a function of perceived time limitations. In Study 1 (N = 360), adults completed measures of PA and MIL. As predicted, PA related more strongly to MIL for older, compared to younger, participants. In Studies 2 and 3, adults (N = 514) indicated their current position in their life span, and rated their MIL. PA, whether naturally occurring (Study 2) or induced (Study 3), was a stronger predictor of MIL for individuals who perceived themselves as having a limited amount of time left to live. Finally, in Study 4 (N = 98) students completed a measure of PA, MIL, and future time perspective (FTP). Results showed that PA was more strongly linked to MIL for those who believed they had fewer opportunities left to pursue their goals. Overall, these findings suggest that the experience of PA becomes increasingly associated with the experience of MIL as the perception of future time becomes limited. The contribution of age related processes to judgments of well-being are discussed. 相似文献
108.
Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) individuals comprise a growing patient population in genetic counseling, yet
literature on working with this population is scarce. This study sought to investigate GLBT patient experiences in genetic
counseling and genetic counselor attitudes and practices when counseling GLBT patients. Twenty-nine GLB individuals who had
previously participated in genetic counseling, and 213 genetic counselors completed online surveys. No individuals identifying
as transgender participated. The patient survey assessed disclosure of orientation, discrimination in genetic counseling,
and quality of services received. The counselor survey assessed comfort with and attitudes about counseling GLBT patients,
disclosure of counselor orientation, and whether they counsel differently with this population. Every patient denied experiencing
discrimination during their session, but 17% reported their genetic counselor assumed they were heterosexual, and 45% indicated
intake forms were not GLBT-inclusive. A majority of counselors (91%) reported having counseled GLBT patients and indicated
they were comfortable doing so (86%), and 72% indicated no differences in their counseling approaches with GLBT patients.
Few counselors (17%) received training in GLBT issues, and most (61%) desired such education. Additional findings and practice
and research recommendations are presented. 相似文献
109.
A positive relationship between prior knowledge and item memory is a consistent finding in the literature. In the present
study, we sought to determine whether this relationship extends to episodic details that are present at the time of encoding,
namely source memory. Using a novel experimental design, we were able to show both between- and within-subjects effects of
prior knowledge on source memory. Specifically, the results revealed that the degree of prior knowledge positively predicted
memory for source specifying contextual details. In addition, by including two conditions in which attention was divided either
at encoding or retrieval, we were able to show that prior knowledge influences memory by affecting encoding processes. Overall,
the data suggest that a priori knowledge within a specific domain allows attentional resources to be allocated toward the
encoding of contextual details. 相似文献
110.
Affording Emerging Adulthood: Parental Financial Assistance of their College-Aged Children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laura M. Padilla-Walker Larry J. Nelson Jason S. Carroll 《Journal of Adult Development》2012,19(1):50-58
The purpose of this study was to examine parents’ attitudes about and patterns of providing financial assistance to their
children during college, and how varying levels of parental financial support were related to children’s beliefs (e.g., perceptions
of adulthood), behaviors (e.g., work hours, drinking, and drug use), and identity development. The sample consisted of 402
undergraduate students (62% women) recruited from four college sites across the United States (M age = 19.89), and one of their parents (310 mothers and 92 fathers). Using cluster analysis, results suggested four distinct
approaches to parental financial involvement and found that emerging adults’ beliefs, behaviors, and identity development
differed as a function of parents’ cluster membership. Discussion focuses on implications for emerging adult children whose
parents endorse varying levels of financial involvement. 相似文献