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71.
Four studies tested the prediction that positive affect (PA) would relate more strongly to meaning in life (MIL) as a function of perceived time limitations. In Study 1 (N = 360), adults completed measures of PA and MIL. As predicted, PA related more strongly to MIL for older, compared to younger, participants. In Studies 2 and 3, adults (N = 514) indicated their current position in their life span, and rated their MIL. PA, whether naturally occurring (Study 2) or induced (Study 3), was a stronger predictor of MIL for individuals who perceived themselves as having a limited amount of time left to live. Finally, in Study 4 (N = 98) students completed a measure of PA, MIL, and future time perspective (FTP). Results showed that PA was more strongly linked to MIL for those who believed they had fewer opportunities left to pursue their goals. Overall, these findings suggest that the experience of PA becomes increasingly associated with the experience of MIL as the perception of future time becomes limited. The contribution of age related processes to judgments of well-being are discussed. 相似文献
72.
73.
A positive relationship between prior knowledge and item memory is a consistent finding in the literature. In the present
study, we sought to determine whether this relationship extends to episodic details that are present at the time of encoding,
namely source memory. Using a novel experimental design, we were able to show both between- and within-subjects effects of
prior knowledge on source memory. Specifically, the results revealed that the degree of prior knowledge positively predicted
memory for source specifying contextual details. In addition, by including two conditions in which attention was divided either
at encoding or retrieval, we were able to show that prior knowledge influences memory by affecting encoding processes. Overall,
the data suggest that a priori knowledge within a specific domain allows attentional resources to be allocated toward the
encoding of contextual details. 相似文献
74.
Affording Emerging Adulthood: Parental Financial Assistance of their College-Aged Children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laura M. Padilla-Walker Larry J. Nelson Jason S. Carroll 《Journal of Adult Development》2012,19(1):50-58
The purpose of this study was to examine parents’ attitudes about and patterns of providing financial assistance to their
children during college, and how varying levels of parental financial support were related to children’s beliefs (e.g., perceptions
of adulthood), behaviors (e.g., work hours, drinking, and drug use), and identity development. The sample consisted of 402
undergraduate students (62% women) recruited from four college sites across the United States (M age = 19.89), and one of their parents (310 mothers and 92 fathers). Using cluster analysis, results suggested four distinct
approaches to parental financial involvement and found that emerging adults’ beliefs, behaviors, and identity development
differed as a function of parents’ cluster membership. Discussion focuses on implications for emerging adult children whose
parents endorse varying levels of financial involvement. 相似文献
75.
Tobias Lundgren Jason B. Luoma JoAnne Dahl Kirk Strosahl Lennart Melin 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2012,19(4):518-526
Two studies were conducted to develop and evaluate an instrument intended to identify and measure personal values, values attainment, and persistence in the face of barriers. Study 1 describes a content validity approach to the construction and preliminary validation of the Bull's Eye Values Survey (BEVS), using a sample of institutionalized patients suffering from epilepsy. Study 2 investigated the psychometric properties of the BEVS with a sample of Swedish university students. Results suggest that the BEVS is sensitive to treatment effects and can differentiate between clients who receive values-based interventions and those who do not. The BEVS subscales and total score appear to measure an independent dimension of psychological functioning that is negatively correlated with measures of depression, anxiety, and stress, and positively correlated with a measure of psychological flexibility. The BEVS also exhibits acceptable temporal stability and internal consistency. The study provides preliminary support for the BEVS as both a research and clinical tool for measuring values, values-action discrepancies, and barriers to value-based living. 相似文献
76.
Jason R. Raibley 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2012,13(6):1105-1129
This paper attempts to explain the conceptual connections between happiness and well-being. It first distinguishes episodic happiness from happiness in the personal attribute sense. It then evaluates two recent proposals about the connection between happiness and well-being: (1) the idea that episodic happiness and well-being both have the same fundamental determinants, so that a person is well-off to a particular degree in virtue of the fact that they are happy to that degree, and (2) the idea that happiness in the personal attribute sense can serve as a “proxy” for well-being, i.e., that a person’s degree of deep or robust happiness approximates their degree of well-being. It is argued that happiness in both these senses is conceptually, metaphysically, and empirically distinct from well-being. A new analysis of welfare, well-being as agential flourishing, can explain welfare’s real connection to happiness in both the episodic and personal attribute senses. It predicts that such happiness is only directly beneficial when it is valued, when it is a form of valuing, or when it underwrites (i.e., serves as the causal basis for) the disposition to realize one’s values. It is therefore a necessary—but not sufficient—condition for especially high levels of well-being. This analysis of welfare integrates many insights from the eudaimonic tradition of welfare and happiness research in psychology, and also addresses common criticisms of these eudaimonic models. 相似文献
77.
78.
We use a controlled laboratory experiment design to test rational choice theory on student whistleblowing. We examine reporting
costs by comparing actual reporting behavior under anonymous and non-anonymous reporting channels. Reporting benefits are
explored by considering the influence on reporting of group versus individual reward systems. We find that the type of reporting
channel does not significantly influence student reporting behavior. Rewarding students based on group test scores results
in significantly higher reporting rates compared to a system rewarding students based on individual test scores. Our laboratory
research design allows for the measurement of actual reporting. The high reporting rates in this study emphasize the importance
of clearly stating what is considered to be unethical behavior and directly asking students about their ethical environment. 相似文献
79.
Mayotte-Blum J Slavin-Mulford J Lehmann M Pesale F Becker-Matero N Hilsenroth M 《Journal of counseling psychology》2012,59(1):27-40
C. E. Hill (2004) recently developed the concept of therapist immediacy to capture discussion by the therapist about the therapeutic relationship that occurs in the here-and-now of a therapy session. This concept has been expanded to include discussion about the therapeutic relationship by both the client and therapist, captured by the term therapeutic immediacy (K. Kuutmann & M. Hilsenroth, 2011). Although prior research has examined the use of therapeutic immediacy across short-term treatment, the present study is the first to examine the use of immediacy across a long-term (4 years) psychotherapy. Also, this is the first study to assess the interrater reliability of therapeutic immediacy, which was found to achieve good to excellent levels across raters. The most frequently used categories of client and therapist immediacy are presented. Finally, the authors provide an in-depth qualitative examination of 5 therapeutic immediacy segments across the treatment judged by the raters to have high levels of depth/intensity (4.5 or higher out of 5) to examine the role of therapeutic immediacy in exploring meaningful treatment issues. Clinical utility, potential limitations, and future research on therapeutic immediacy are discussed. 相似文献
80.
Colquitt JA Lepine JA Piccolo RF Zapata CP Rich BL 《The Journal of applied psychology》2012,97(1):1-15
Past research has revealed significant relationships between organizational justice dimensions and job performance, and trust is thought to be one mediator of those relationships. However, trust has been positioned in justice theorizing in 2 different ways, either as an indicator of the depth of an exchange relationship or as a variable that reflects levels of work-related uncertainty. Moreover, trust scholars distinguish between multiple forms of trust, including affect- and cognition-based trust, and it remains unclear which form is most relevant to justice effects. To explore these issues, we built and tested a more comprehensive model of trust mediation in which procedural, interpersonal, and distributive justice predicted affect- and cognition-based trust, with those trust forms predicting both exchange- and uncertainty-based mechanisms. The results of a field study in a hospital system revealed that the trust variables did indeed mediate the relationships between the organizational justice dimensions and job performance, with affect-based trust driving exchange-based mediation and cognition-based trust driving uncertainty-based mediation. 相似文献