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51.
Kopp B Kizilirmak J Liebscher C Runge J Wessel K 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(4):523-540
Reports that visual search is more efficient for vertically than for horizontally shaded objects suggested that search is
influenced by a priori knowledge about the source of light. In this study, we examined search for targets defined by the orientation
of luminance gradients and measured event-related brain potentials (ERPs). In Experiment 1, we examined search for stimuli
that comprised gradual luminance differences. Response times showed the expected orientation anisotropy effect. ERP amplitudes
in the P1 latency range were slightly more positive in response to horizontally oriented stimuli, whereas P3 amplitudes were
more positive in response to nonsingleton vertically oriented stimuli. Experiment 2 compared search for stimuli that comprised
gradual versus step differences in luminance. All the anisotropies that we observed in Experiment 1 could be replicated in
Experiment 2. Moreover, these anisotropies were not dependent on the type of the luminance gradient. This finding is inconsistent
with the view that search efficiency is influenced by a priori knowledge about the source of light. The behavioral and electrophysiological
data are consistent with a context model of visual search. We propose that contextual modulation reduces redundancy and contributes
to computing the saliency of visual information by implementing divisive normalization and multiplicative filtering. 相似文献
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Michel Laroche FRSC Nicolas Papadopoulos Louise Heslop Jasmin Bergeron 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2003,2(3):232-247
Most cross‐cultural studies on country of origin or product‐country image (PCI) effects have implicitly assumed that national markets are composed of homogeneous consumers. Although many investigations in this field are described as cross‐cultural, most are in fact cross‐national. The overarching hypothesis of the present research is that PCI effects may vary across subcultures within a country. The results indicate that subcultural differences exist in the evaluation of culturally affiliated countries and their products. Cognitive responses converged to show that consumers' perceived linkages significantly influence the weight given to the country of origin in product evaluations. Several implications for managers and academic researchers are discussed. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications. 相似文献
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Jasmin Sadat Clara D. Martin James S. Magnuson François‐Xavier Alario Albert Costa 《Cognitive Science》2016,40(8):1911-1940
Bilinguals have been shown to perform worse than monolinguals in a variety of verbal tasks. This study investigated this bilingual verbal cost in a large‐scale picture‐naming study conducted in Spanish. We explored how individual characteristics of the participants and the linguistic properties of the words being spoken influence this performance cost. In particular, we focused on the contributions of lexical frequency and phonological similarity across translations. The naming performance of Spanish‐Catalan bilinguals speaking in their dominant and non‐dominant language was compared to that of Spanish monolinguals. Single trial naming latencies were analyzed by means of linear mixed models accounting for individual effects at the participant and item level. While decreasing lexical frequency was shown to increase naming latencies in all groups, this variable by itself did not account for the bilingual cost. In turn, our results showed that the bilingual cost disappeared when naming words with high phonological similarity across translations. In short, our results show that frequency of use can play a role in the emergence of the bilingual cost, but that phonological similarity across translations should be regarded as one of the most important variables that determine the bilingual cost in speech production. Low phonological similarity across translations yields worse performance in bilinguals and promotes the bilingual cost in naming performance. The implications of our results for the effect of phonological similarity across translations within the bilingual speech production system are discussed. 相似文献
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Jasmin A Tiro Pamela M Diamond Catherine A Perz Maria Fernandez William Rakowski Carlo C DiClemente Sally W Vernon 《Health psychology》2005,24(6):555-566
Validation of psychosocial measures for use in mammography screening research has been given inadequate attention in the literature. The authors report on the validation of 5 measures examining 4 attitudinal constructs (i.e., pros, cons, outcome expectations, and cancer worries) and 1 social influence construct (i.e., subjective norms) in a 22-item inventory. The study participants consisted of a national, randomly sampled population of women veterans (n = 2,910). After minor revision of scales, the authors found independent measures for 4 constructs: pros, cons, cancer worries, and subjective norms. The authors concluded that these scales have acceptable psychometric properties; support construct validity; and provide brief, reliable, and valid measures of attitudes toward and norms regarding mammography screening. These scales may be useful for intervention research. 相似文献