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31.
Synthese - Multiple realizability says that the same kind of mental states may be manifested by systems with very different physical constitutions. Putnam (1967) supposed it to be... 相似文献
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In this paper, we closely examine the various ways in which a multi-party argumentative discussion—argumentative polylogue—can be analyzed in a dialectical framework. Our chief concern is that while multi-party and multi-position discussions are characteristic of a large class of argumentative activities, dialectical approaches would analyze and evaluate them in terms of dyadic exchanges between two parties: pro and con. Using as an example an academic committee arguing about the researcher of the year as well as other cases from argumentation literature, we scrutinize the advantages and pitfalls of applying a dialectical framework to polylogue analysis and evaluation. We recognize two basic dialectical methods: interpreting polylogues as exchanges between two main camps and splitting polylogues into a multitude of dual encounters. On the basis of this critical inquiry, we lay out an argument expressing the need for an improved polylogical model and propose its basic elements. 相似文献
33.
Spławiński J 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(1):71-74
In this presentation, principles of ethics are confronted with the desire of the inventor to make a profit. To this end the
presentation is focused on patent protection. Patents should guarantee the return of an inventor’s investment and profit and,
on the other side, ensure availability — by patent disclosure — of the invention for the society when the patent terminates.
Recent patent applications made by inventors are infringing this principle and societies are paying an unexpected price for
these practices. Patent claims are too broad and disclosures too poor. Extreme examples will be discussed.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “The Ethics of Intellectual Property Rights
and Patents,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 23–24 April, 2004. 相似文献
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Napoleon Wolaski 《Zygon》1989,24(4):401-427
Abstract. Contemporary humanity—especially urban-industrial civilization with its domination of nature—is disturbing complex, integrated, self-regulating systems that have evolved over long periods of time. We are threatening not only biological ecosystems but also human self-regulating capabilities at both the biological and the social-systems levels. This paper presents examples of such disturbance both in the organism—respiratory-cardiovascular problems related to environmental pollution-and at the population level—rates of infant mortality and relations between fertility and mortality in light of economic and emotional factors. Prospects for our future survival and flourishing are thus linked less to technical know-how than to ecological understanding. 相似文献
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Tadeusz Kotarbiński 《Studia Logica》1970,26(1):99-105
Allatum est die 10 Junii 1969 相似文献
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