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Ludwig Schindler Kurt Hahlweg Dirk Revenstorf 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(3):54-64
Abstract Communication training is a widely practiced therapeutic approach for the treatment of marital discord. Although there is some empirical support for the theoretical assumptions underlying constructive communication patterns, it has not yet been ascertained whether changing these behaviors is sufficient in bringing about stable changes in distressed marriages. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of this treatment approach in a conjoint and conjoint group modality. Following therapy, conjoint couples (n = 16) when compared with a waiting list control group (n = 17) showed improvement on five of the seven outcome variables. Couples in the conjoint group modality (n = 13) improved on only two of the seven variables. Follow-up assessments one year after treatment showed that initial gains had been substantially reduced. On the basis of these results it is now open to question whether conjoint group treatments are an appropriate treatment modality for even moderately distressed couples. 相似文献
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In this experiment, we manipulated leadership appointment in 3 ways for both a woman and a man. In accord with status characteristics theory, we found that interventions designed to increase the status of the appointee allow the new leader to be more influential and thus more effective. In addition, we found that when a woman is appointed leader with no reason offered for her appointment, followers are willing to be led by her, but, following the theory of motivated reasoning, they will search the context for a plausible reason for their decisions. Suggestions are offered for organizations that want to facilitate the effectiveness of new women leaders; additional recommendations are made for assisting new women leaders. 相似文献
25.
Saccade curvature is becoming a popular measure for detecting the presence of competing saccadic motor programs. Several different
methods of quantifying saccade curvature have been employed. In the present study, we compared these metrics with each other
and with novel measures based on curve fitting. Initial deviation metrics were only moderately associated with the more widely
used metric of maximum curvature. The latter was strongly related to a recently developed area-based measure and to the novel
methods based on second- and third-order polynomial fits. The curve-fitting methods showed that although most saccades curved
in only one direction, there was a population of trajectories with both a maximum and a minimum (i.e., double-curved saccades).
We argue that a curvature metric based on a quadratic polynomial fit deals effectively with both types of trajectories and,
because it is based on all the samples of a saccade, is less susceptible to sampling noise. 相似文献
26.
Ludwig von Bertalanffy 《Erkenntnis》1930,1(1):361-407
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Die folgende Abhandlung ist die bedeutend erweiterte Ausarbeitung eines Vortrages, welcher am 9. Januar 1929 in einer Allgemeinen
Versammlung der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, am 15. Oktober 1929 vor der Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie
in Berlin und am 30. Oktober 1929 in der Kantgesellschaft Karlsruhe gehalten wurde. Bei der Ausarbeitung wurde vor allem Bedacht
genommen, Tatsachen und Theorien, die sich bereits in des Verf.s „Kritischer Theorie der Formbildung” (Schaxels Abh. z. th.
B. 27, Berlin 1928) dargestellt finden, nur kurz zu behandeln, andererseits aber das genannte Werk hier durch die Verarbeitung
der dort noch nicht behandelten Ergebnisse zu erg?nzen. Auch in die Literaturangabe wurden im allgemeinen nur an jenem Orte
nicht angegebene Werke aufgenommen. Auf das erw?hnte Buch, das eine umfassende, kritische Darstellung der Theorien der Formbildung
zum Ziele hat, sei hier ein für allemal hingewiesen. 相似文献
27.
One of the fundamental issues in the study of animal cognition concerns categorization. Although domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are on the brink to become one of the model animals in animal psychology, their categorization abilities are unknown. This
is probably largely due to the absence of an adequate method for testing dogs’ ability to discriminate between large sets
of pictures in the absence of human cueing. Here we present a computer-automated touch-screen testing procedure, which enabled
us to test visual discrimination in dogs while social cueing was ruled out. Using a simultaneous discrimination procedure,
we first trained dogs (N = 4) to differentiate between a set of dog pictures (N = 40) and an equally large set of landscape pictures. All subjects learned to discriminate between the two sets and showed
successful transfer to novel pictures. Interestingly, presentation of pictures providing contradictive information (novel
dog pictures mounted on familiar landscape pictures) did not disrupt performance, which suggests that the dogs made use of
a category-based response rule with classification being coupled to category-relevant features (of the dog) rather than to
item-specific features (of the background). We conclude that dogs are able to classify photographs of natural stimuli by means
of a perceptual response rule using a newly established touch-screen procedure.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Ludwig Landgrebe 《Human Studies》1991,14(2-3):107-127
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