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191.
Diane E. Sholomskas Janice M. Steil Jack K. Plummer 《Journal of applied social psychology》1990,20(7):548-574
Self-blame has been viewed as functional for victims' adjustment to negative life events. This perspective has been primarily based on the findings of Bulman and Wortman's 1977 study of the spinal cord injured. The present study replicates and extends the Bulman and Wortman study, using similar measures on a comparable sample and comparable life event. Patients did not differentiate among the concepts of responsibility, fault, and blame for the cause of the accident. Patients were behavioral rather than characterological self-blaming and alcohol use prior to the accident was the best predictor of self-blame. Attributions of responsibility for the cause of the event versus responsibility for rehabilitation (sequelae of the event) did not distinguish effective from ineffective copers. Bulman and Wortman's (1977) single-item measure of coping correlated with this study's multidimensional assessment of coping. There was no relationship between patients' attributions of self-blame and nurse's ratings of patients' coping but other-blame was associated with poorer coping. 相似文献
192.
This commentary compares Smith's work to classic value clarification, addresses issues of counselor judgement and informed consent, and outlines further exercises based on near-death experiences. 相似文献
193.
Janice G. Derrickson Nancy A. Neef Michael F. Cataldo 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1993,26(1):133-134
We report the effects of using a visual and auditory stimulus signaling impending painful medical procedures versus “safe” periods on the affective behavior of a hospitalized infant. The results of a reversal design suggested that the signaling procedures increased positive behaviors and decreased negative behaviors during both noninvasive and invasive caregiver events. 相似文献
194.
Christopher J. Aitken Eileen J. Tone Julie A. Smith Elizabeth R. Wood Suzanne Wright Janice A. Schloss Karen M. Plant 《Behavioral Interventions》1993,8(1):1-8
A multiple choice inventory was used to assess the behavioural knowledge of staff providing services to people with an intellectual disability. The relationships between performance on the inventory and other staff related variables were investigated. Results support previous research and indicate a low level of behavioural knowledge amongst direct care staff. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to staff training and selection. 相似文献
195.
196.
We challenge researchers to consider sex and gender as a marker for possible social contextual differences. Disappointed by both philosophical and empirical attempts to find coherence in research making gender comparisons, we selectively review studies showing both context-specific similarities between women and men where overall comparisons found differences as well as context-specific differences where general patterns of similarity existed. These examples cut across embedded levels of social context, ranging from those immediately proximal to the individual (interpersonal) to organizational and broad societal structures. They suggest that seemingly identical contexts can have sweepingly different impacts on women and men and that effective social interventions be gender-sensitive. 相似文献
197.
Michael D. Matthews Morten G. Ender Janice H. Laurence David E. Rohall 《Military psychology》2013,25(2):241-251
The current study examined attitudes of West Point cadets (N = 218), Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets (N = 509), and non-military-affiliated students from civilian colleges (N = 598) toward a variety of roles that women may serve in the military. Respondents were queried whether a woman “should” or “should not” serve in the following military jobs: jet fighter pilot, truck mechanic, nurse in a combat zone, typist in the Pentagon, commander of a military installation, hand-to-hand combat soldier, jet transport pilot, air defense gunner, and crew member on a combat ship. A metric based on a sum of approval across all jobs indicated that women were significantly more approving than men; civilian college students were more approving than ROTC cadets; and West Point cadets showed the lowest overall approval. 相似文献
198.
199.
Psychotherapy with low-income patients presents a variety of challenges for the clinician. This paper discusses some of those
challenges, including the barriers that poor individuals face in obtaining treatment, as well as issues of stigma, mistrust
of authority, and potential cultural differences and differing expectations between mental health providers from higher socioeconomic
backgrounds and lower-income individuals in need of care. We review some of the findings reported in treatment studies with
low-income, frequently minority, samples that shed light on the types of adaptations to treatment that have proven successful.
Finally, we discuss some of the clinical research that has been conducted with low-income, predominantly minority women through
the department of psychiatry at Georgetown University over the past several years, concluding with some of the lessons we
have learned in developing and conducting psychotherapeutic treatments with this population. 相似文献
200.
A robust literature on ingroup versus outgroup conflict suggests that perceived discrimination may be an important factor in intergroup aggression. Yet, to date, no studies have tested the hypothesis that the perception of being the victim of anti‐Muslim discrimination might be associated with support for anti‐Western political violence. We undertook an analysis of two Pew Global Attitudes Surveys: (1) a 2006 data set surveying 1,627 adult Muslim residents of Great Britain, France, Germany, and Spain and (2) a 2007 data surveying 1,050 adult Muslim residents of the United States. Our analyses support the conclusions that younger age and perceived discrimination are both associated with support of suicide bombing in these Muslim diaspora populations. Study 1 found that a bad experience of discrimination increased the odds of justifying suicide bombing among European Muslims by a factor of 3.4. Study 2 found that experienced discrimination was associated with justification of suicide bombing among American Muslims. If further investigations confirm that perceived discrimination is a risk factor for support for political violence, initiatives to reduce discrimination would theoretically reduce the risk of terrorism. We discuss the challenge of breaking the vicious cycle of intergroup prejudice and radicalization. 相似文献