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391.
Kerry E Evers James O Prochaska Janet L Johnson Leanne M Mauriello Julie A Padula Janice M Prochaska 《Health psychology》2006,25(4):521-529
Stress has been associated with a variety of chronic and acute conditions and with higher use of health care services. This research reports on 18-month outcomes of a randomized clinical trial of a stress-management program based on the transtheoretical model (TTM; J. O. Prochaska & C. C. DiClemente, 1986). A national sample of 1,085 individuals participated (age range = 18-91 years, M = 55.33; 68.9% female, 31.1% male; 84.8% Caucasian; 15.2% non-Caucasian). Both the treatment and control groups received assessments at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months. In addition to the assessments, the treatment group received 3 individualized reports (0, 3, 6 months) and a manual. The 18-month assessment was completed by 778 individuals (72%). A random effects model indicated that participants completing the study in the treatment group had significantly more individuals reporting effective stress management at follow-up time points than did completers in the control group. Results also indicate that the intervention had significant effects on stress, depression, and specific stress-management behaviors. Results provide evidence for the effectiveness of this TTM population-based stress-management intervention. 相似文献
392.
393.
Janice D. Yoder 《Sex roles》2010,62(3-4):173-178
Drawing on my experiences with teaching Psychology of Women and writing three editions of a textbook across two decades starting in 1990, I reflect on the core feminist call to make the personal political. By tracing the chronology and interplay of my textbook writing with my teaching, research, and editing, I speculate about an apparent disconnection between my experiences and research with students (who embrace the feminist call to make a difference) and the textbook market to veer toward less women-centeredness and activism in the pursuit of gender studies. I make my case that the activist goal of making a difference continues to make a difference in individual women’s lives, in women’s relationships, and in a social justice agenda. 相似文献
394.
Carol A. Sommer Janice E. Ward Thomas Scofield 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2010,88(4):500-507
The authors describe a qualitative study that explored how the use of stories in supervision may contribute to self‐reflection in master's‐level counseling interns. Interns from 2 universities participated in facilitated discussions of 3 fairy tales throughout a semester. The analysis of storied discussions revealed 3 themes related to supervisee experience: recurring cycles of highs and lows, balancing external and internal influences, and struggles with self‐awareness. Suggestions for practice and future research are included. 相似文献
395.
Janice Lillian Zeman Michael Cassano Cynthia Suveg Kimberly Shipman 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(4):381-392
We investigated the psychometric properties of a new instrument, the Children’s Worry Management Scale (CWMS). The CWMS has
three subscales that specify methods of regulating worry: inhibition (the suppression of worry), dysregulation (exaggerated
displays of worry), and coping (constructive ways of managing worry). Using a Caucasian, middle-class sample of 214 children
(M = 9 years, 1 month), Study 1 provides reliability and validity data through patterns of correlations to parent- and child-completed
measures of emotion management and behavioral problems. Internal consistencies range from .69 to .74. Study 2 establishes
discriminant validity by demonstrating that the CWMS Dysregulation and Coping subscales differentiated, in the expected directions,
between a group of children (n = 27) with DSM-IV anxiety diagnoses and a control group of children with no psychological disorders. 相似文献
396.
Bogdan Kostic Anne M. Cleary Kaye Severin Samuel W. Miller 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(3):405-411
We examined whether people can detect analogical resemblance to an earlier experimental episode without being able to recall
the experimental source of the analogical resemblance. We used four-word analogies (e.g., robin-nest/beaver-dam), in a variation of the recognition-without-cued-recall method (Cleary, 2004). Participants studied word pairs (e.g., robin-nest) and were shown new word pairs at test, half of which analogically related to studied word pairs (e.g., beaver-dam) and half of which did not. For each test pair, participants first attempted to recall an analogically similar pair from
the study list. Then, regardless of whether successful recall occurred, participants were prompted to rate the familiarity
of the test pair, which was said to indicate the likelihood that a pair that was analogically similar to the test pair had
been studied. Across three experiments, participants demonstrated an ability to detect analogical resemblance without recalling
the source analogy. Findings are discussed in terms of their potential relevance to the study of analogical reasoning and
insight, as well as to the study of familiarity and recognition memory. 相似文献
397.
Edward A. Selby Cynthia M. Bulik Laura Thornton Wade H. Berrettini Steve Crawford Katherine A. Halmi Craig L. Johnson Allan S. Kaplan Detlev O. Nutzinger Janet Treasure Walter H. Kaye 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(7):634-645
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is perhaps the most lethal mental disorder, in part due to starvation-related health problems, but especially because of high suicide rates. One potential reason for high suicide rates in AN may be that those affected face pain and provocation on many fronts, which may in turn reduce their fear of pain and thereby increase risk for death by suicide. The purpose of the following studies was to explore whether repetitive exposure to painful and destructive behaviors such as vomiting, laxative use, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) was a mechanism that linked AN-binge-purging (ANBP) subtype, as opposed to AN-restricting subtype (ANR), to extreme suicidal behavior. Study 1 utilized a sample of 787 individuals diagnosed with one or the other subtype of AN, and structural equation modeling results supported provocative behaviors as a mechanism linking ANBP to suicidal behavior. A second, unexpected mechanism emerged linking ANR to suicidal behavior via restricting. Study 2, which used a sample of 249 AN patients, replicated these findings, including the second mechanism linking ANR to suicide attempts. Two potential routes to suicidal behavior in AN appear to have been identified: one route through repetitive experience with provocative behaviors for ANBP, and a second for exposure to pain through the starvation of restricting in ANR. 相似文献
398.
Alba Agostino Janice Johnson Juan Pascual-Leone 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2010,105(4):286-305
We investigated the extent to which inhibition, updating, shifting, and mental-attentional capacity (M-capacity) contribute to children’s ability to solve multiplication word problems. A total of 155 children in Grades 3–6 (8- to 13-year-olds) completed a set of multiplication word problems at two levels of difficulty: one-step and multiple-step problems. They also received a reading comprehension test and a battery of inhibition, updating, shifting, and M-capacity measures. Structural equation modeling showed that updating mediated the relationship between multiplication performance (controlling for reading comprehension score) and latent attentional factors M-capacity and inhibition. Updating played a more important role in predicting performance on multiple-step problems than did age, whereas age and updating were equally important predictors on one-step problems. Shifting was not a significant predictor in either model. Implications of proposing executive function updating as a mediator between mathematical cognition and chronological age and attention resources are discussed. 相似文献
399.
400.
Kenneth J. Zucker Debra N. Wilson-Smith Janice A. Kurita Anita Stern 《Sex roles》1995,33(11-12):703-725
Four experiments evaluated the effect of variations in sex-typed behavior in hypothetical peers on children's ratings of friendship. In all four studies, the children were heterogeneous with regard to social class, ethnicity, and race. In Experiment 1, children (71 boys, 90 girls) in Grades 3–6 read five stories about a target boy and in Experiment 2 (102 boys, 137 girls) about a target girl who displayed four sex-typed behaviors that ranged from exclusively masculine to exclusively feminine. In Experiment 1, boys preferred the exclusively masculine boy most as a friend. With each addition of a feminine behavior (and corresponding subtraction of a masculine behavior), the friendship ratings became increasingly negative. In contrast, the girls preferred the exclusively feminine boy most as a friend and, with each addition of a masculine behavior, the friendship ratings became increasingly negative. In Experiment 2, the converse was found although girls' ratings of friendship were less sharply affected by the target girl's sex-typed behavior than was observed for boys' ratings in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, children (33 boys, 38 girls) in Grades K—2 were read three stories about a target boy, accompanied by detailed chromatic illustrations, whose four sex-typed behaviors were exclusively masculine, equally masculine and feminine, or exclusively feminine. The boys had significantly more favorable friendship ratings than the girls; however, in contrast to Experiments 1 and 2, the target boy's sex-typed behavior did not affect friendship ratings of either boys or girls. Experiment 4 (28 boys, 27 girls) repeated the procedure of Experiment 3 with children in kindergarten and Grade 1; in addition, the children made forced-choice friendship ratings for each of the three possible story pairs. In contrast to Experiment 3, boys' friendship ratings were affected by the target boy's sex-typed behavior, as observed in Experiment 1, but girls' friendship ratings were not. However, in the forced-choice situation, the boys significantly preferred the exclusively masculine boy whereas the girls significantly preferred the exclusively feminine boy. The results were discussed in relation to the influence sex-typed behavior has on modifying the effects of a peer's sex on affiliative preference and sex differences in appraisals of cross-gender behavior, including the concept of threshold effects. 相似文献