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151.
Anthony C. Hackney Silas N. Pearman III Janice M. Nowacki 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(1):21-33
Abstract Recently, it has become apparent that many athletes are exposed to very high volumes of intense training. Sometimes, rather than adapting normally to the training stimulus (i.e., improving in performance), the athlete experiences a reduction in his or her performance capacity. This occurrence has been termed overtraining or a state of staleness. The intent of this review is to characterize the physiological changes found in athletes exposed to overtraining or exhibiting a state of staleness. Changes and responses in five general physiological systems are discussed 1) neuromuscular, 2) cardiovascular, 3) metabolic-endocrine, 4) im-munological, kind 5) kinanthropometric. Perturbations within each of the major physiological systems associated with physical performance have been reported. Inconsistencies, however, exist in the degree and nature of the physiological changes. The present treatment for staleness consists of rest, and in some cases, complete abstention from training and sporting activities may be necessary. Many athletes find such treatment practices extremely undesirable. Unfortunately, until more extensive research examining the physiological changes and responses of the overtrained/stale athlete is conducted, few other recourses appear to exist. 相似文献
152.
James Campbell Quick Janice R. Joplin Debra L. Nelson Jonathan D. Quick 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(1):41-54
This article builds on the original foundations of attachment theory and traces the strategies for achieving felt security into the adulthood years. The theoretical case is made for a link between a secure, self-reliant strategy and healthy adulthood functioning. This self-reliant strategy counteracts the health risk factors of social isolation and separation in human relationships. The strategy results in an enduring personality characteristic of self-reliance, a paradoxical pattern of behavior characterized by flexibility and bonding in relationships which appears rather autonomous. This article proposes a work-related measure of self-reliance which also incorporates the two insecure, unhealthy strategies for achieving felt security. These strategies are the dismissing strategy, which results in a counterdependent pattern of behavior, and the preoccupied strategy, which results in an overdependent behavior pattern. Preliminary reliability and validity data concerning the Self-Reliance Inventory are presented. 相似文献
153.
Alex Holder 《Journal of Child Psychotherapy》2013,39(1):80-91
When we treat or discuss child patients who have been referred to us for help with a wide variety of mainly neurotic disturbances we usually take it for granted that a host of factors, both internal and external, have combined and contributed to produce the clinical picture presented by any child at the time of referral. But although it is the endeavour of every diagnostician and of every therapist to tease out, either at the diagnostic stage or in the course of the ongoing treatment, the multiple pathogenic factors which were responsible in bringing about a particular disturbance, every diagnostician and clinician knows only too well from his experiences what an intricate and difficult task this is. This is due both to the complexity in the functioning of the mental apparatus and to our lack of sufficient knowledge of the internal effects of a developing child's earliest experiences. 相似文献
154.
Janice L. Krupnick 《Journal of Loss and Trauma》2017,22(6):514-525
Background: This study aimed to determine whether there were gender differences in trauma types and cognitive-emotional themes among veterans with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: Case notes or writing excerpts from two pilot studies were reviewed to determine types of traumas and emerging themes, with 20 women and 31 men comprising the sample. Results: Most women developed PTSD after sexual assault, with reactions emphasizing mistrust, betrayal, and anger. Men experienced more combat, with reactions including survivor guilt, moral injury, and horror. Conclusions: Both genders developed PTSD, but the causes of and reactions to their traumas differed. Emerging themes can be useful treatment foci. 相似文献
155.
156.
This study replicated and extended a phenomenon in the text memory literature referred to as the centrality deficit Miller & Keenan (Annals of Dyslexia 59:99–113, 2009). It examined how reading in a foreign language (L2) affects one’s text representation and ability to recall the most important
information. Readers recalled a greater proportion of central than of peripheral ideas, regardless of whether reading in their
native language (L1) or a foreign language (L2). Nonetheless, the greatest deficit in participants’ L2 recalls, as compared
with L1 recalls, was on the central, rather than the peripheral, information. This centrality deficit appears to stem from
resources being diverted from comprehension when readers have to devote more cognitive resources to lower level processes
(e.g., L2 word identification and syntactic processing), because the deficit was most evident among readers who had lower
L2 proficiency. Prior knowledge (PK) of the passage topic helped compensate for the centrality deficit. Readers with less
L2 proficiency who did not have PK of the topic displayed a centrality deficit, relative to their L1 recall, but this deficit
dissipated when they did possess PK. 相似文献
157.
The purpose of this study was to examine a model of factors that place psychiatrically hospitalized girls at risk for non-suicidal
self-injury (NSSI). The role of familial and peer interpersonal difficulties, as well as emotional dysregulation, were examined
in relationship to NSSI behaviors. Participants were 99 adolescent girls (83.2% Caucasian; M age = 16.08) admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Structural equation modeling indicated the primacy of emotional dysregulation
as an underlying process placing adolescents at risk for NSSI and mediating the influence of interpersonal problems through
the family and peer domains. When family and peer relationships were characterized by conflict and lack of support for managing
emotions, adolescents reported more dysregulated emotion processes. Family relational problems were directly and indirectly
related to NSSI through emotional dysregulation. The indirect processes of peer relational problems, through emotional dysregulation,
were significantly associated with NSSI frequency and severity. The findings suggest that the process by which interpersonal
difficulties contribute to NSSI is complex, and is at least partially dependent on the nature of the interpersonal problems
and emotion processes. 相似文献
158.
Blalock JA Nayak N Wetter DW Schreindorfer L Minnix JA Canul J Cinciripini PM 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2011,25(4):652-663
Pregnant women with high levels of nicotine dependence are the least likely to quit smoking spontaneously during pregnancy or to benefit from smoking cessation interventions. In the general population, there is increasing evidence of a relationship between smoking, nicotine dependence, and exposure to childhood trauma. We examined the relationship of childhood trauma to several measures of nicotine dependence and evaluated whether this relationship was mediated by major depressive disorder or depressive symptom severity in pregnant smokers. Moderate to extreme levels of childhood trauma were significantly related to smoking within 5 minutes or less of waking, and to the Behavioral Choice-Melioration, Negative Reinforcement, and Tolerance subscales of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) scale. The relationships between childhood emotional abuse and the WISDM-68 Total and Negative Reinforcement subscale were partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Results suggest that childhood trauma may be a risk factor underlying nicotine dependence in pregnant smokers. Increased understanding of the relationship of affect regulation to smoking in individuals with childhood trauma histories may aid in the development of more effective treatments of nicotine dependence for this population of smokers. 相似文献
159.
Annie A. Garner Janice C. Marceaux Sylvie Mrug Cryshelle Patterson Bart Hodgens 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1097-1107
The present study examined Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) in relation to ADHD symptoms, clinical diagnosis, and multiple aspects
of adjustment in a clinical sample. Parent and teacher reports were gathered for 322 children and adolescents evaluated for
behavioral, emotional, and/or learning problems at a university clinic. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) supported the presence
of three separate, but correlated factors (SCT, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity) in both parent and teacher ratings.
As expected, SCT symptoms were greatest in youth with ADHD Inattentive type, but were also found in non-ADHD clinical groups.
SCT symptoms were related to inattention, internalizing, and social problems across both parent and teacher informants; for
parent reports, SCT was also related to more externalizing problems. Findings support the statistical validity of the SCT
construct, but its clinical utility is still unclear. 相似文献
160.