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161.
Blalock JA Nayak N Wetter DW Schreindorfer L Minnix JA Canul J Cinciripini PM 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2011,25(4):652-663
Pregnant women with high levels of nicotine dependence are the least likely to quit smoking spontaneously during pregnancy or to benefit from smoking cessation interventions. In the general population, there is increasing evidence of a relationship between smoking, nicotine dependence, and exposure to childhood trauma. We examined the relationship of childhood trauma to several measures of nicotine dependence and evaluated whether this relationship was mediated by major depressive disorder or depressive symptom severity in pregnant smokers. Moderate to extreme levels of childhood trauma were significantly related to smoking within 5 minutes or less of waking, and to the Behavioral Choice-Melioration, Negative Reinforcement, and Tolerance subscales of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) scale. The relationships between childhood emotional abuse and the WISDM-68 Total and Negative Reinforcement subscale were partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Results suggest that childhood trauma may be a risk factor underlying nicotine dependence in pregnant smokers. Increased understanding of the relationship of affect regulation to smoking in individuals with childhood trauma histories may aid in the development of more effective treatments of nicotine dependence for this population of smokers. 相似文献
162.
Ashley Coker-Cranney Chelsea B. Wooding Megan Byrd Peter L. Kadushin 《Deviant behavior》2017,38(5):561-574
Evidence suggests that live sporting events may lead fans to engage in criminal behaviors. The current study examined the relationship between criminal behavior and college football game days. Archival data of criminal offenses were collected from Southeastern Conference member institution police departments to analyze reported criminal offenses during the regular season. Multilevel linear models revealed an increase in criminal behavior. A factorial ANOVA indicated an interaction of team rankings and game outcome was related to specific types of criminal behavior in the host city (F (1, 9142) = 20.07, p < .001). Results provide insight to more effectively allocate resources. 相似文献
163.
Annie A. Garner Janice C. Marceaux Sylvie Mrug Cryshelle Patterson Bart Hodgens 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1097-1107
The present study examined Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) in relation to ADHD symptoms, clinical diagnosis, and multiple aspects
of adjustment in a clinical sample. Parent and teacher reports were gathered for 322 children and adolescents evaluated for
behavioral, emotional, and/or learning problems at a university clinic. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) supported the presence
of three separate, but correlated factors (SCT, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity) in both parent and teacher ratings.
As expected, SCT symptoms were greatest in youth with ADHD Inattentive type, but were also found in non-ADHD clinical groups.
SCT symptoms were related to inattention, internalizing, and social problems across both parent and teacher informants; for
parent reports, SCT was also related to more externalizing problems. Findings support the statistical validity of the SCT
construct, but its clinical utility is still unclear. 相似文献
164.
165.
Maayan Dvir Janice R. Kelly Kipling D Williams 《The Journal of social psychology》2019,159(1):106-111
Considerable knowledge about ostracism’s impact comes from research using Cyberball, an online ball-tossing game. In Cyberball, the inclusion condition is the control condition, to which ostracism is compared. The assumption is that Cyberball-inclusion is not affirming and represents an expected level of inclusion. However, without a no-inclusion control condition, it is unclear whether inclusion elevates need satisfaction, whether ostracism depresses need satisfaction, or both. We introduce Cybertree—a control condition designed to provide a similar experience to Cyberball without inclusion. Individuals playing Cybertree did not differ from included individuals in terms of feeling ostracized, level of need satisfaction, and mood. Both Cyberball inclusion and Cybertree differed significantly from ostracized individuals. We conclude that Cyberball inclusion is a reasonable control group for Cyberball ostracism but discuss research questions that may benefit from the use of Cybertree. 相似文献
166.
Paul E. Priester Janice E. Jones Christina M. Jackson‐Bailey Asma Jana‐Masri Edgar X. Jordan A. J. Metz 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2008,36(1):29-39
The authors present a content analysis of syllabi from introductory multicultural counseling training (MCT) courses. Results suggest that these courses focus on knowledge of other cultural groups, emphasize the cultural identity exploration of the student at a lower level of training, and almost completely ignore the development of skills. The study revealed that MCT frequently includes groups beyond racial and ethnic minority groups. A broad range of instructional strategies are used, with a handful being used on a frequent basis. Los autores presentan un análisis del contenido de planes de estudios empleados en cursos introductorios de formación en consejería multicultural (MCT, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados sugieren que estos cursos se centran en el conocimiento de otros grupos culturales, enfatizan la exploración de la identidad cultural del alumno en los niveles iniciales de su formación e ignoran casi por completo el desarrollo de habilidades. El estudio reveló que la MCT incluye con frecuencia grupos aparte de las minorías raciales y étnicas. Se utiliza una amplia gama de estrategias didácticas, un puñado de las cuales se emplea frecuentemente. 相似文献
167.
A longstanding debate exists in the literature concerning bottom-up vs. top-down influences on bistable perception. Recently, a technique has been developed to measure early changes in brain activity (via ERPs) related to perceptual reversals (Kornmeier & Bach, 2004). An ERP component, the reversal negativity (RN) has been identified, and is characterized as an increase in negative potential over the posterior scalp from 150 to 350 ms for perceptual reversals compared to perceptual stability. This finding, although interesting, has not helped resolve issues related to the bottom-up vs. top-down debate because top-down influences have not been directly manipulated. The current study focused on resolving some of these issues by measuring the RN while observers maintained one of three 'intentional approaches', (1) try to reverse perception as often as possible, (2) try to stabilize perception for as long as possible, and (3) maintain a passive approach. Enhancements in RN amplitude were found for the intention-to-reverse condition compared to the passive condition. This finding suggests an early influence (150 ms) of top-down control on perceptual reversals of bistable figures. Results are discussed in terms of competing attention shifting vs. fatigue-based theories of bistable perception. 相似文献
168.
Janice K. Bajor 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2003,63(3):347-367
This study tested the hypothesis that the relationship between conscientiousness and job performance is mediated by resource allocation strategies specific to a meta-theory called selective optimization with compensation (SOC). Data were collected from employees at a large, Midwestern financial institution. In general, results lend some support to the role of SOC as a mediator. Specifically, results indicated that especially for positions with larger amounts of autonomy and responsibility (i.e., managerial), highly conscientious individuals are more likely to report using strategies of loss-based selection and compensation and that these strategies in turn lead to higher levels of performance. However, the strategies of loss-based selection and compensation did not fully mediate the conscientious-performance relationship. Nevertheless, these strategies did contribute unique variance of their own in predicting work place performance. In fact, these strategies accounted for almost as much unique variance as conscientiousness and support the role of SOC as a unique predictor of job performance. 相似文献
169.
Edil Torres‐Rivera Michael P. Wilbur Loan T. Phan Cleborne D. Maddux Janice Roberts‐Wilbur 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2004,25(1):26-42
This article introduces a combination of approaches based on multicultural interventions and sociopolitical themes that provide interventions for working with Latinos with substance abuse problems. 相似文献
170.
Paul E. Priester Josh Scherer Jesse A. Steinfeldt Asma Jana-Masri Terri Jashinsky Janice E. Jones Cher Vang 《Pastoral Psychology》2009,58(3):315-322
This study examines the prevalence of endorsing the twelve step approach and the use of prayer, meditation, and holistic techniques
in a national sample of 139 substance abuse treatment centers. Ninety one percent of the programs endorsed a twelve step orientation.
Twenty six percent of the programs actively used prayer and 58% used meditation as a component of treatment. Thirty three
percent of the programs used some form of a self-designated holistic technique. There was a divergent range of techniques
that were used by programs, falling into four broad categories: (1) nutrition, exercise, relaxation and physical health; (2)
recreation and adventure-based activities; (3) religious and spiritual practices; and (4) the use of specific therapy modalities. 相似文献