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151.
'Iwalani R.N. Else Deborah A. Goebert Cathy K. Bell Barry Carlton Michael Fukuda 《Aggression and violent behavior》2009,14(6):470-477
The literature documents a relationship between interpersonal violence and suicide. One tool used to understand interpersonal violence is the Power Wheel, developed from clinical experience and originally used in domestic violence education. We examine the relationship between Teen Power and Control Wheel domains and suicidal indicators (seriously considered suicide, made a suicide plan, and attempted suicide) among Asian American and Pacific Islander high school students, in terms of both victimization and perpetration. Data from a 2007 survey of two multi-ethnic high schools on the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i were used. The survey assessed interpersonal youth violence and a multitude of risk and protective factors. It found that females were significantly more likely to seriously consider suicide and attempt suicide, compared to males. There were no statistically significant differences in seriously considering suicide, making a suicide plan, and attempting suicide by ethnic group, employment status, or hours worked per week. Using the Wheel, we found that all dimensions for victimization and perpetration were associated with the three suicidal indicators. However, the magnitude of this association was dramatically higher for victims than for perpetrators. School- and healthcare-based prevention strategies should ensure that both suicide and violence intervention components are addressed. Professionals who work with youth should be trained to feel comfortable, confident, and competent in discussing suicide and violence, and be willing and capable to assess and intervene. 相似文献
152.
Anthony P.S. Guerrero Deborah A. Goebert Daniel A. Alicata Cathy K. Bell 《Aggression and violent behavior》2009,14(6):499-505
The quality of youth violence prevention practice is dependent on the quality of education and training of professionals who will care for disadvantaged and/or underserved youth. The authors propose that culturally responsive youth violence prevention curricula, focused on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, should: 1) target institutions that train health professionals likely to serve Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders; 2) promote the professional development of Asian American and Pacific Islander students and enhance all students' comfort in addressing behavioral, social, and cultural concerns; 3) cover specific issues relevant to Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, including the role of acculturative stress, socioeconomic hardship, and other risk factors that may account for mental health disparities; and 4) continuously engage researchers, educators, and community stakeholders in cooperatively and creatively applying new knowledge to clinical challenges. The authors summarize resources for youth violence prevention education that have been used for training healthcare professionals in a multicultural context. 相似文献
153.
John M. Ferron Bethany A. Bell Melinda R. Hess Gianna Rendina-Gobioff Susan T. Hibbard 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(2):372-384
Multiple-baseline studies are prevalent in behavioral research, but questions remain about how to best analyze the resulting
data. Monte Carlo methods were used to examine the utility of multilevel models for multiplebaseline data under conditions
that varied in the number of participants, number of repeated observations per participant, variance in baseline levels, variance
in treatment effects, and amount of autocorrelation in the Level 1 errors. Interval estimates of the average treatment effect
were examined for two specifications of the Level 1 error structure (σ2
I and first-order autoregressive) and for five different methods of estimating the degrees of freedom (containment, residual,
between—within, Satterthwaite, and Kenward—Roger). When the Satterthwaite or Kenward—Roger method was used and an autoregressive
Level 1 error structure was specified, the interval estimates of the average treatment effect were relatively accurate. Conversely,
the interval estimates of the treatment effect variance were inaccurate, and the corresponding point estimates were biased. 相似文献
154.
This study tests whether the face-processing system of humans and a nonhuman primate species share characteristics that would allow for early and quick processing of socially salient stimuli: a sensitivity toward conspecific faces, a sensitivity toward highly practiced face stimuli, and an ability to generalize changes in the face that do not suggest a new identity, such as a face differently oriented. The look rates by adult tamarins and humans toward conspecific and other primate faces were examined to determine if these characteristics are shared. A visual paired comparison (VPC) task presented subjects with either a human face, chimpanzee face, tamarin face, or an object as a sample, and then a pair containing the previous stimulus and a novel stimulus was presented. The stimuli were either presented all in an upright orientation, or all in an inverted orientation. The novel stimulus in the pair was either an orientation change of the same face/object or a new example of the same type of face/object, and the stimuli were shown either in an upright orientation or in an inverted orientation. Preference to novelty scores revealed that humans attended most to novel individual human faces, and this effect decreased significantly if the stimuli were inverted. Tamarins showed preferential looking toward novel orientations of previously seen tamarin faces in the upright orientation, but not in an inverted orientation. Similarly, their preference to look longer at novel tamarin and human faces within the pair was reduced significantly with inverted stimuli. The results confirmed prior findings in humans that novel human faces generate more attention in the upright than in the inverted orientation. The monkeys also attended more to faces of conspecifics, but showed an inversion effect to orientation change in tamarin faces and to identity changes in tamarin and human faces. The results indicate configural processing restricted to particular kinds of primate faces by a New World monkey species, with configural processing influenced by life experience (human faces and tamarin faces) and specialized to process orientation changes specific to conspecific faces. 相似文献
155.
Levinstein IB Boonthum C Pillarisetti SP Bell C McNamara DS 《Behavior research methods》2007,39(2):224-232
iSTART (interactive strategy training for active reading and thinking) is a Web-based reading strategy trainer that develops
students’ ability to self-explain difficult text as a means to improving reading comprehension. Its curriculum consists of
modules presented interactively by pedagogical agents: an introduction to the basics of using reading strategies in the context
of self-explanation, a demonstration of self-explanation, and a practice module in which the trainee generates self-explanations
with feedback on the quality of reading strategies contained in the self-explanations. We discuss the objectives that guided
the development of the second version of iSTART toward the goals of increased efficiency for the experimenters and effectiveness
in the training. The more pedagogically challenging high school audience is accommodated by (1) a new introduction that increases
interactivity, (2) a new demonstration with more and better focused scaffolding, and (3) a new practice module that provides
improved feedback and includes a less intense but more extended regimen. Version 2 also benefits experimenters, who can set
up and evaluate experiments with less time and effort, because pre- and posttesting has been fully computerized and the process
of preparing a text for the practice module has been reduced from more than 1 person-week to about an hour’s time. 相似文献
156.
Three experiments are reported in which a total of 182 old and 193 young adults recalled sequences of digits presented visually in silence or accompanied by office noise. In each experiment, an effect of irrelevant sound was found-that is, a reduction of serial recall due to auditory distraction. Old adults exhibited poorer serial recall than did young adults, but the irrelevant-sound effect was equivalent in both age groups. This was true even though the sound level of the irrelevant sound was adjusted to each individual's hearing capability, and the effect remained whether or not the difficulty of the serial recall task was equated across age groups. These results are problematic for the inhibitory deficit theory of cognitive aging, which predicts that old adults should be more susceptible to auditory distraction than are young adults. 相似文献
157.
Janice Bowie Barbara Curbow Thomas Laveist Sheila Fitzgerald Kenneth Pargament 《Journal of religion and health》2001,40(4):411-422
In this study, we investigated the relationship between religious coping style and anxiety related to breast cancer and the use of mammography in a sample of African American women. We also assessed the relationship of breast cancer anxiety to related variables such as church affiliation and attendance, church teachings on health, and acceptance of those teachings. 相似文献
158.
Thad A. Polk Catherine L. Reed Janice M. Keenan Penelope Hogarth C. Alan Anderson 《Brain and cognition》2001,47(3):545-563
Semantic understanding of numbers and related concepts can be dissociated from rote knowledge of arithmetic facts. However, distinctions among different kinds of semantic representations related to numbers have not been fully explored. Working with numbers and arithmetic requires representing semantic information that is both analogue (e.g., the approximate magnitude of a number) and symbolic (e.g., what / means). In this article, the authors describe a patient (MC) who exhibits a dissociation between tasks that require symbolic number knowledge (e.g., knowledge of arithmetic symbols including numbers, knowledge of concepts related to numbers such as rounding) and tasks that require an analogue magnitude representation (e.g., comparing size or frequency). MC is impaired on a variety of tasks that require symbolic number knowledge, but her ability to represent and process analogue magnitude information is intact. Her deficit in symbolic number knowledge extends to a variety of concepts related to numbers (e.g., decimal points, Roman numerals, what a quartet is) but not to any other semantic categories that we have tested. These findings suggest that symbolic number knowledge is a functionally independent component of the number processing system, that it is category specific, and that it is anatomically and functionally distinct from magnitude representations. 相似文献
159.
Rosemary E. Phelps Janice D. Taylor Phyllis A. Gerard 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2001,79(2):209-216
Cultural mistrust, ethnic identity, racial identity, and self‐esteem were examined among African (n = 26), African American (n = 110), and West Indian/Caribbean (n = 24) university students. African American students' scores were statistically different from those of African and West Indian/Caribbean students on cultural mistrust, racial identity, and ethnic identity measures. There were no statistically significant differences on self‐esteem among the 3 groups. Results did indicate that cultural mistrust, ethnic identity, and racial identity accounted for 37% of the variance in self‐esteem for African American students. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
160.
The authors describe the development of the Religious Occupations and Stress Questionnaire (ROS), which attempts to fill the need for an appropriate measure of the stress experienced by individuals in religious occupations. The ROS has 4 stress‐related subscales (General Stress. Occupational Stress, Identity/Image Stress, and Gender Issues Stress) and a Coping subscale. Results of reliability and validity studies of the ROS with male and female Protestants, Catholics, and Jews who were in religious occupations indicated high internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and construct validity. 相似文献