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991.
Jane E. Rheineck 《Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice》2005,4(2):79-91
This study examined the relationship of lesbian identity development and internalized homophobia and the impact on career decision self‐efficacy. One hundred and twenty‐four women participated. Although the sample was highly integrated, participants reported different experiences in their career development. Implications for counseling lesbian clients are discussed. 相似文献
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When people identify an error in their initial judgment, they typically try to correct it. But, in some cases, they choose not to—even when they know, in the moment, that they are being irrational or making a mistake. A baseball fan may know that he cannot affect the pitcher from his living room but still be reluctant to say “no‐hitter.” A person may learn that flying in an airplane is statistically safer than driving a car and still refuse to fly. Dual‐process models of judgment and decision making often implicitly assume that if an error is detected, it will be corrected. Recent work suggests, however, that models should decouple error detection and correction. Indeed, people can explicitly recognize that their intuitive judgment is wrong but, nevertheless, stick with it, a phenomenon known as acquiescence. My goals are to offer criteria for identifying acquiescence, consider why people acquiesce even when it incurs a cost, discuss how lessons that are learned in cases when acquiescence is clearly identified can be exported to cases when acquiescence may be harder to establish, and, more broadly, describe the implications of a model that decouples error detection and error correction. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to explore parents’ communication about risk with siblings of children affected by an inherited
genetic condition, and to ascertain what level of support, if any, is required from health professionals. Semi-structured
interviews were conducted with affected and unaffected children and their parents. Families were affected by one of six genetic
conditions representing different patterns of inheritance and variations in age of onset, life expectancy and impact on families.
Interviews were analysed using constructivist grounded theory and informed by models which focused on three different aspects
of family communication. Interviews with 33 families showed that siblings’ information and support needs go largely unrecognized
by health professionals and sometimes by parents. Some siblings were actively informed about the genetic condition by parents,
others were left to find out and assimilate information by themselves. Siblings were given information about the current symptoms
and management of the genetic condition but were less likely to know about its hereditary nature and their own potential risk.
When siblings were fully informed about the condition and included in family discussion, they had a better understanding of
their role within their family, and family relationships were reported to be more harmonious. The information and support
needs of siblings can be overlooked. Parents with the responsibility for caring for a child affected by a genetic condition
may require support from health professionals to understand and respond to their unaffected children’s need for more information
about the genetic condition and its implications for the children’s own future health and reproductive decision-making. 相似文献
995.
Jacob Kraemer Tebes Emily C. Cook Jeffrey J. Vanderploeg Richard Feinn Matthew J. Chinman Jane K. Shepard Tamika Brabham Christian M. Connell 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(4):406-413
Parental knowledge is defined as parental awareness and information about a child’s activities, whereabouts, and associations
that is obtained through parental monitoring, parental solicitation, or self-disclosure. Increased parental knowledge is generally
associated with lower adolescent substance use; however, the influence of various contextual factors, such as adolescent gender
and grade level is not well understood, particularly for different racial or ethnic groups. In the present study, we used
Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling analyses to examine the longitudinal relationship of parental knowledge to adolescent
substance use in the context of adolescent gender and grade level among 207 urban African American adolescents in grades 6–11.
Results indicated that increased parental knowledge is associated with a concurrent lower likelihood of substance use across
all types of substances examined (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, other drug use, and any drug use), but it did not predict changes
in substance use 1 year later for the entire sample. However, analyses by gender and grade level showed that for boys and
middle school youth, parental knowledge was a protective factor for increases in substance use across 1 year. Findings are
discussed in terms of their implications for prevention and health promotion interventions for adolescent substance use among
African American youth. 相似文献
996.
What happens when speakers try to "dodge" a question they would rather not answer by answering a different question? In 4 studies, we show that listeners can fail to detect dodges when speakers answer similar-but objectively incorrect-questions (the "artful dodge"), a detection failure that goes hand-in-hand with a failure to rate dodgers more negatively. We propose that dodges go undetected because listeners' attention is not usually directed toward a goal of dodge detection (i.e., Is this person answering the question?) but rather toward a goal of social evaluation (i.e., Do I like this person?). Listeners were not blind to all dodge attempts, however. Dodge detection increased when listeners' attention was diverted from social goals toward determining the relevance of the speaker's answers (Study 1), when speakers answered a question egregiously dissimilar to the one asked (Study 2), and when listeners' attention was directed to the question asked by keeping it visible during speakers' answers (Study 4). We also examined the interpersonal consequences of dodge attempts: When listeners were guided to detect dodges, they rated speakers more negatively (Study 2), and listeners rated speakers who answered a similar question in a fluent manner more positively than speakers who answered the actual question but disfluently (Study 3). These results add to the literatures on both Gricean conversational norms and goal-directed attention. We discuss the practical implications of our findings in the contexts of interpersonal communication and public debates. 相似文献
997.
Ethnicity matters for undergraduate majors in challenges, experiences, and perceptions of psychology
In this investigation of a national sample of undergraduate psychology majors, we directly compare the experiences and perceptions of students of color with those of European Americans. Our aim was to identify factors that might contribute to our discipline's educational pipeline, in which the relative lack of ethnic diversity is a recognized problem. We found that students of color and European American majors are similar in a number of ways but also different in others. Students of color are challenged by less encouragement from and interaction with faculty, perceive a lack of respect, and wish to see more attention to diversity in curriculum, research, faculty, and textbooks. It is not surprising that students of color were significantly less satisfied than European Americans with their studies in psychology. 相似文献
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