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941.
Jane Leighton Geoffrey Bird Caitlin Orsini Cecilia Heyes 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(6):905-910
In naturalistic interpersonal settings, mimicry or “automatic imitation” generates liking, affiliation, cooperation and other positive social attitudes. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the relationship between social attitudes and mimicry is bidirectional: Do social attitudes have a direct and specific effect on mimicry? Participants were primed with pro-social, neutral or anti-social words in a scrambled sentence task. They were then tested for mimicry using a stimulus-response compatibility procedure. In this procedure, participants were required to perform a pre-specified movement (e.g. opening their hand) on presentation of a compatible (open) or incompatible (close) hand movement. Reaction time data were collected using electromyography (EMG) and the magnitude of the mimicry/automatic imitation effect was calculated by subtracting reaction times on compatible trials from those on incompatible trials. Pro-social priming produced a larger automatic imitation effect than anti-social priming, indicating that the relationship between mimicry and social attitudes is bidirectional, and that social attitudes have a direct and specific effect on the tendency to imitate behavior without intention or conscious awareness. 相似文献
942.
Gina M. Berg Robin E. Crowe Bryant Wong Jane Siebert 《Journal of religion and health》2010,49(3):333-336
Research on spirituality and religion (S/R) is receiving more attention as healthcare staff recognize the importance of treating
the whole person. This is especially pertinent in critical care, where patients and families deal with a multitude of issues.
As not all research comes exclusively from theologically educated authors, this study explored publication trends of S/R articles
in critical care. Findings indicated medically credentialed professionals, not chaplains and/or pastoral care staff, constituted
the majority of authors in S/R articles. 相似文献
943.
Jacob A. Belzen 《Pastoral Psychology》2010,59(4):399-409
After a brief introduction of a cultural psychological perspective, this paper turns to the concept of self. The paper proposes
to conceive of that reality to which the concepts of self refer as a narrative, employing especially autobiographies and other
ego-documents in empirical exploration. After discussing some psychological theories about “self,” the paper points out that
they may well be applied in research on personal religiosity. 相似文献
944.
This study investigated the knowledge and misconceptions of jury‐eligible citizens about children's reliability as witnesses and responses to child sexual assault (CSA), and examined the influence of expert evidence and judicial directions in challenging common misconceptions. Community volunteers (N = 130) read one of five versions of a simulated jury trial, and completed a pre‐ and post‐trial questionnaire to provide measures of their knowledge of children's responses to sexual abuse, perceptions of victim credibility, and verdict. Results revealed that endorsement of CSA misconceptions negatively impacted ratings of complainant credibility and verdicts. Judicial directions provided before the child complainant testified enhanced complainant credibility, which in turn predicted guilty verdicts. Comparisons of the effectiveness of two procedural legal mechanisms to manage juror misconceptions and improve knowledge about CSA provide guidance for future researchers investigating ways to increase fairness in cases of CSA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
945.
Augustine Osman Peter M. Gutierrez Jane L. Wong Stacey Freedenthal Courtney L. Bagge Kimberly D. Smith 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(4):595-608
We conducted 4 studies to develop and cross-validate scores on a multidimensional self-report measure of suicide and anger
expression, the Suicide Anger Expression Inventory-28 (SAEI-28). The SAEI-28 evaluates Suicide Rumination, Maladaptive Expression,
Reactive Distress, and Adaptive Expression with 7 content specific items each. Participants were between ages 14 and 47 years
old. Study 1 developed a pool of content relevant and representative items for the new inventory. Study 2 explored potential
domains of the SAEI-28 items, evaluating preliminary estimates of internal consistency reliability. Study 3 examined specific
structures of the SAEI-28 items and scale reliability. Study 4 evaluated the fit of the oblique 4-factor model to 2 alternative
solutions. Support was found for estimates of internal consistency reliability for the scales. Criterion-related validity
and potential correlates for the SAEI-28 scales were also assessed. 相似文献
946.
Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke Jan R. Wiersema Jacob J. van der Meere Herbert Roeyers 《Neuropsychology review》2010,20(1):86-102
The ability to specify differential predictions is a mark of a scientific models’ value. State regulation deficits (SRD) and
delay aversion (DAv) have both been hypothesized as context-dependent dynamic dysfunctions in ADHD. However, to date there
has been no systematic comparison of their common and unique elements. Here we review these hypotheses—and describe the core
and secondary manifestations of the two constructs and review evidence in support of them. Second, we focus on what are seen
as the hallmark indicators of the two deficits—preference of small immediate over large delayed rewards for DAv and the slow
event rate effect for SRD. We describe the overlap between these two manifestations and then explore how experimental manipulations
and the analysis of neuropsychological and physiological mediators of effects can allow us to differentiate these two patterns
of neuropsychological dysfunction on the basis of specific predictions. Finally, we highlight the implications of neuropsychological
heterogeneity for the practical implementation of tests of DAv and SRD. 相似文献
947.
Helena J. V. Rutherford Jennifer L. O'Brien Jane E. Raymond 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(4):536-542
In familiar environments, goal-directed visual behavior is often performed in the presence of objects with strong, but task-irrelevant,
reward or punishment associations that are acquired through prior, unrelated experience. In a two-phase experiment, we asked
whether such stimuli could affect speeded visual orienting in a classic visual orienting paradigm. First, participants learned
to associate faces with monetary gains, losses, or no outcomes. These faces then served as brief, peripheral, uninformative
cues in an explicitly unrewarded, unpunished, speeded, target localization task. Cues preceded targets by either 100 or 1,500
msec and appeared at either the same or a different location. Regardless of interval, reward-associated cues slowed responding
at cued locations, as compared with equally familiar punishment-associated or no-value cues, and had no effect when targets
were presented at uncued locations. This localized effect of reward-associated cues is consistent with adaptive models of
inhibition of return and suggests rapid, low-level effects of motivation on visual processing. 相似文献
948.
Jane Ashby 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(1):95-100
Research consistently indicates the importance of phonological processing in early reading development, yet the role of phonology
in skilled reading is still not well understood. Two event-related potential (ERP) experiments investigated the nature and
time course of phonological processing during skilled visual word recognition using a masked priming paradigm. Phonological
syllable priming was examined by presenting prime-target pairs either with the same first syllable, or with one letter more
or fewer. In this visually matched design, items like po## -PONY and pon### -PONDER appeared in the congruent condition. Conversely,
pon# -PONY and po#### -PONDER appeared in the incongruent condition. In both experiments, the magnitude of the first negative
peak (N1) was reduced in the phonologically congruent condition as compared to the incongruent condition. This syllable congruency
effect is the first neurophysiological evidence for phonological syllable activation in the initial moments of visual word
recognition. The early time course of this activation indicates that suprasegmental phonological processing is fundamental
to skilled reading. 相似文献
949.
This study compares the amount of test anxiety experienced on a computerized adaptive test (CAT) to a paper-and-pencil test
(P&P), as well as the state test anxiety experienced between males and females. Ninety-four middle school CAT examinees were
compared to 65 middle school P&P examinees on their responses to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) after
taking a standardized achievement test. Results of a multiple regression showed that P&P examinees had a higher mean STAIC
score than CAT examinees after controlling for trait test anxiety and computer anxiety. Evidence of neither a main nor a moderator
effect of gender was found. However, a subsequent path analysis gave evidence of an indirect effect of gender on STAIC score
mediated by trait test anxiety. Results are discussed in the context of stereotype threat and the implications for the use
of CAT in schools, given the digital divide between race and socioeconomic status. Recommendations for future research and
practice are offered. 相似文献
950.
Confirming,Validating, and Norming the Factor Structure of Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change Initial and Intersession 下载免费PDF全文
William M. Pinsof Richard E. Zinbarg Kenichi Shimokawa Tara A. Latta Jacob Z. Goldsmith Lynne M. Knobloch‐Fedders Anthony L. Chambers Jay L. Lebow 《Family process》2015,54(3):464-484
Progress or feedback research tracks and feeds back client progress data throughout the course of psychotherapy. In the effort to empirically ground psychotherapeutic practice, feedback research is both a complement and alternative to empirically supported manualized treatments. Evidence suggests that tracking and feeding back progress data with individual or nonsystemic feedback systems improves outcomes in individual and couple therapy. The research reported in this article pertains to the STIC® (Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change)—the first client‐report feedback system designed to empirically assess and track change within client systems from multisystemic and multidimensional perspectives in individual, couple, and family therapy. Clients complete the STIC Initial before the first session and the shorter STIC Intersession before every subsequent session. This study tested and its results supported the hypothesized factor structure of the six scales that comprise both STIC forms in a clinical outpatient sample and in a normal, random representative sample of the U.S. population. This study also tested the STIC's concurrent validity and found that its 6 scales and 40 of its 41 subscales differentiated the clinical and normal samples. Lastly, the study derived clinical cut‐offs for each scale and subscale to determine whether and how much a client's score falls in the normal or clinical range. Beyond supporting the factorial and concurrent validity of both STIC forms, this research supported the reliabilities of the six scales (Omegahierarchical) as well as the reliabilities of most subscales (alpha and rate–rerate). This article delineates clinical implications and directions for future research. 相似文献