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371.
Jana Sladkova 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2007,17(3):187-202
This study explores the expectations and decision‐making processes of potential migrants at a community in Honduras. Hondurans have become one of the fastest growing populations in New York. Yet, although approximately 80 000 Hondurans try to reach the US annually, only 25 per cent succeed. To reach the United States they must undergo a dangerous journey across Guatemala and Mexico, a process to date under‐researched by social sciences. As new undocumented migrant streams continue to expand within the global economies, scholars and practitioners who work on their behalf should understand the pre‐migration values and expectations because they shape the way migrants adjust to and develop new cultural patterns in the receiving countries. Drawing on immigration and narrative theory, I hypothesize that narratives of migration from media, prior migrants, coyotes and community practices play an important role in the construction of potential migrant expectations. To represent narratives across several individual and community domains, the research design includes individual interviews, analysis of local newspapers, participant observations and teaching English classes. Analysis across these data reveals complex dilemmas potential migrants face as they weigh the costs and benefits of migration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
372.
Kaup B Yaxley RH Madden CJ Zwaan RA Lüdtke J 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2007,60(7):976-990
We investigated the question of whether comprehenders mentally simulate a described situation even when this situation is explicitly negated in the sentence. In two experiments, participants read negative sentences such as There was no eagle in the sky, and subsequently responded to pictures of mentioned entities in the context of a recognition task. Participants' responses following negative sentences were faster when the depicted entity matched rather than mismatched the negated situation. These results suggest that comprehenders simulate the negated situation when processing a negated sentence. The results thereby provide further support for the experiential-simulations view of language comprehension. 相似文献
373.
This article tells the story of the journey made by an international research group of social psychologists in their collaborative
projects carried out over a number of years after the collapse of communism in Europe in 1989. The article explores some relations
between the aims of research conducted during a period of rapid political, social and economic change in Central and Eastern
Europe, and the ways these studies were shaped and transformed through collaboration. It shows how the collaboration of researchers
in the team affected the development of theoretical concepts and methodological ideas over the years, as well as how the team
learned from mistakes. Collaborative efforts cannot be viewed separately from the content of research. Moreover, this international
collaborative research has shown that the relationships between institutional and cultural changes cannot be understood by
means of comparing phenomena across different countries but by case studies in individual countries.
Ivana Marková is Emeritus Professor of psychology at the University of Stirling. She has carried out research into social representations of various kinds of phenomena (political, physical illness and mental disability) and communication. Her main theoretical interest is a dialogical theory of knowledge and its relation to social representations. Her latest books include Dialogicality and Social Representations, CUP (2003), which has been translated into several languages; The Making of Modern Social Psychology (with Serge Moscovici), Polity (2006); and Dialogue in Focus Groups: Exploring Socially Shared Knowledge (with Per Linell, Michele Grossen and Anne Salazar-Orvig), Equinox (2007). Jana Plichtová is a senior researcher at the Slovak Academy of Sciences - Department of Social and Biological Communication and a professor of Social Psychology at the Comenius University in Bratislava. Her theoretical interests include topics like social psychology of democracy, deliberation in small groups, analysis of argumentation, social representations of political and economic phenomena. She is co-author of several papers on social representations of democracy published in Culture and Psychology, European Journal of Social Psychology, Bulletin de Psychologie, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. She is regularly publishing in Slovak and Czech journals like Československá psychologie and Filozofia on the epistemological and methodological issues. She is an editor of several books (e.g. Minorities in Politics) and a co-author of two books published by Slovak publishers. Her book entitled “On Quantitative and qualitative approaches to the research of social representations” is widely used source by students of sociological social psychology. 相似文献
Ivana MarkováEmail: |
Ivana Marková is Emeritus Professor of psychology at the University of Stirling. She has carried out research into social representations of various kinds of phenomena (political, physical illness and mental disability) and communication. Her main theoretical interest is a dialogical theory of knowledge and its relation to social representations. Her latest books include Dialogicality and Social Representations, CUP (2003), which has been translated into several languages; The Making of Modern Social Psychology (with Serge Moscovici), Polity (2006); and Dialogue in Focus Groups: Exploring Socially Shared Knowledge (with Per Linell, Michele Grossen and Anne Salazar-Orvig), Equinox (2007). Jana Plichtová is a senior researcher at the Slovak Academy of Sciences - Department of Social and Biological Communication and a professor of Social Psychology at the Comenius University in Bratislava. Her theoretical interests include topics like social psychology of democracy, deliberation in small groups, analysis of argumentation, social representations of political and economic phenomena. She is co-author of several papers on social representations of democracy published in Culture and Psychology, European Journal of Social Psychology, Bulletin de Psychologie, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. She is regularly publishing in Slovak and Czech journals like Československá psychologie and Filozofia on the epistemological and methodological issues. She is an editor of several books (e.g. Minorities in Politics) and a co-author of two books published by Slovak publishers. Her book entitled “On Quantitative and qualitative approaches to the research of social representations” is widely used source by students of sociological social psychology. 相似文献
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377.
Kerekes N Brändström S Ståhlberg O Larson T Carlström E Lichtenstein P Anckarsäter H Nilsson T 《Psychological reports》2010,107(3):715-725
To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Swedish version of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI), it was sent to parents of 9- and 12-yr.-old twins in Sweden. The final number of responders was 196 parents who rated 92 female and 104 male twin pairs. The inventory of one twin, randomly chosen from each pair, was included in the analyses. Reward Dependence, Persistence, and Cooperativeness were scored higher in girls; Novelty Seeking was higher in the 9-yr.-olds and Persistence in the 12-yr.-olds. Pearson's correlations showed that some dimensions were not statistically independent from each other, even if the covariance was moderate. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was satisfactory for Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Self-Directedness, and Cooperativeness (.68-.81), while it was lower in those dimensions that had fewer items. The Swedish parent version of the J-TCI shared about the same psychometric characteristics as found in international samples. 相似文献
378.
Morten Birkeland Nielsen Stig Berge Matthiesen Ståle Einarsen 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2010,83(4):955-979
The aim of this study was to investigate how different measurement methods and sampling techniques contribute to the observed variation in prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A total of 102 prevalence estimates of bullying from 86 independent samples (N=130,973) were accumulated and compared by means of meta‐analysis. At an average, the statistically independents samples provided an estimate of 14.6%. Yet, the findings show that methodological moderators influence the estimated rates. As for measurement method, a rate of 11.3% was found for studies investigating self‐labelled victimization from bullying based on a given definition of the concept, whereas a rate of 14.8% was found for behavioural measure studies, and 18.1% for self‐labelling studies without a given definition. A difference of 8.7% points was found between randomly sampled and non‐randomly sampled studies. When controlling for geographical differences, the findings show that geographical factors also influence findings on bullying. Hence, findings from different studies on workplace bullying cannot be compared without taking moderator variables into account. 相似文献
379.
Children were assigned to three groups given training on unfamiliar words--phoneme-awareness training, rhyme training, and vocabulary training--and an untrained control group. Before and after training, we assessed the children's performance on serial- and free-recall tasks with these words, as well as their ability to define the words, manipulate phonemes in them, and generate rhymes for them. We found that phoneme-awareness training improved serial recall substantially and improved free recall to a lesser extent. In contrast, vocabulary training produced a substantial increase in free recall and a lesser increase in serial recall. These effects on recall were specific and did not generalize to untrained words. Rhyme training produced increases in rhyming skills but no increase in either serial or free recall. We argue that serial and free recall depend on common memory mechanisms, but serial recall relies more on phonological codes and free recall relies more on semantic codes. 相似文献
380.
Jennifer L. Vande Voort Jana Svecova Amy Brown Jacobson Stephen P. Whiteside 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2010,17(3):322-328
The objective of this study was to facilitate the bidirectional communication between researchers and clinicians about the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Forty-four children were assessed before and after cognitive behavioral treatment with the parent versions of the Spence Child Anxiety Scale and Child Sheehan Disability Scale. In this retrospective study, treatment sessions were coded for the presence of exposures, relaxation, anxiety management, and behavior management. Results showed improved functioning within the clinical sample and suggested that treatment could be shorter, with exposure exercises implemented earlier in the course of treatment than described in manuals. Moreover, improvements in functioning were positively related to the use of exposures, and negatively related to the use of other anxiety management strategies. These results are discussed in the context of efforts to increase the availability of evidence-based treatments and are interpreted as supporting the development of more flexible treatment manuals. 相似文献