This article tells the story of the journey made by an international research group of social psychologists in their collaborative
projects carried out over a number of years after the collapse of communism in Europe in 1989. The article explores some relations
between the aims of research conducted during a period of rapid political, social and economic change in Central and Eastern
Europe, and the ways these studies were shaped and transformed through collaboration. It shows how the collaboration of researchers
in the team affected the development of theoretical concepts and methodological ideas over the years, as well as how the team
learned from mistakes. Collaborative efforts cannot be viewed separately from the content of research. Moreover, this international
collaborative research has shown that the relationships between institutional and cultural changes cannot be understood by
means of comparing phenomena across different countries but by case studies in individual countries.
Ivana MarkováEmail:
Ivana Marková
is Emeritus Professor of psychology at the University of Stirling. She has carried out research into social representations
of various kinds of phenomena (political, physical illness and mental disability) and communication. Her main theoretical
interest is a dialogical theory of knowledge and its relation to social representations. Her latest books include Dialogicality
and Social Representations, CUP (2003), which has been translated into several languages; The Making of Modern Social Psychology
(with Serge Moscovici), Polity (2006); and Dialogue in Focus Groups: Exploring Socially Shared Knowledge (with Per Linell,
Michele Grossen and Anne Salazar-Orvig), Equinox (2007).
Jana Plichtová
is a senior researcher at the Slovak Academy of Sciences - Department of Social and Biological Communication and a professor
of Social Psychology at the Comenius University in Bratislava. Her theoretical interests include topics like social psychology
of democracy, deliberation in small groups, analysis of argumentation, social representations of political and economic phenomena.
She is co-author of several papers on social representations of democracy published in Culture and Psychology, European Journal
of Social Psychology, Bulletin de Psychologie, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. She is regularly publishing
in Slovak and Czech journals like Československá psychologie and Filozofia on the epistemological and methodological issues.
She is an editor of several books (e.g. Minorities in Politics) and a co-author of two books published by Slovak publishers.
Her book entitled “On Quantitative and qualitative approaches to the research of social representations” is widely used source
by students of sociological social psychology. 相似文献
In this study, we focus on mental speed and divergent thinking, examining their relationship and the influence of task speededness. Participants (N =109) completed a set of processing speed tasks and a test battery measuring divergent thinking. We used two speeded divergent-thinking tasks of 2 minutes and two unspeeded tasks of 8 minutes to test the influence of task speededness on creative quality and their relation to mental speed. Before each task, participants were instructed to be creative in order to optimally measure creative quality. We found a large main effect of task speededness: less creative ideas were generated when tasks were speeded as compared to unspeeded (Cohen's d = −1.64). We could also replicate a positive relationship of mental speed with speeded divergent thinking (r =.21) and mental speed with unspeeded divergent thinking (r =.25). Our hypothesis that the relation is higher for the speeded divergent-thinking tasks was not confirmed. Importantly, variation in creative quality scores under speeded conditions was not explained by mental speed beyond the predictive power of unspeeded creative quality. The latter finding implies that measurement of creative quality under speeded conditions is not confounded by mental speed. 相似文献
The objective of this study was to facilitate the bidirectional communication between researchers and clinicians about the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Forty-four children were assessed before and after cognitive behavioral treatment with the parent versions of the Spence Child Anxiety Scale and Child Sheehan Disability Scale. In this retrospective study, treatment sessions were coded for the presence of exposures, relaxation, anxiety management, and behavior management. Results showed improved functioning within the clinical sample and suggested that treatment could be shorter, with exposure exercises implemented earlier in the course of treatment than described in manuals. Moreover, improvements in functioning were positively related to the use of exposures, and negatively related to the use of other anxiety management strategies. These results are discussed in the context of efforts to increase the availability of evidence-based treatments and are interpreted as supporting the development of more flexible treatment manuals. 相似文献
Hallucinatory states are experienced not only in connection with drugs and psychopathologies but occur naturally and spontaneously across the human circadian cycle: Our nightly dreams bring multimodal experiences in the absence of adequate external stimuli. The current study proposes a new, tighter measure of these hallucinatory states: Sleep onset, REM sleep, and non‐REM sleep are shown to differ with regard to (a) motor imagery indicating interactions with a rich imaginative world, and (b) cognitive agency that could enable sleepers to recognize their hallucinatory state. Mentation reports from the different states were analysed quantitatively with regard to two grammatical–semantic constructs, motor agency and cognitive agency. The present results support earlier physiological and psychological evidence in revealing a decline in cognitive functions and an increase in simulated interactions with a hallucinatory world, en route to normal REM sleep. This leads us to introduce the hypothesis that REM sleep, which exhibits remarkably high levels of (simulated) sensorimotor processes, may have evolved to serve as a virtual laboratory for the development and rehearsal of embodied cognition. The new measure of hallucinatory states presented here may also hold implications for the study of executive functions and (meta‐)cognitions, which might be interesting, for example, for the investigation of lucid dreaming. 相似文献
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - In visual word identification, readers automatically access word internal information: they recognize orthographically embedded words (e.g., HAT in THAT) and are... 相似文献
When people in a relationship offend each other, it is important for them to behave in a conciliatory manner if they wish to reconcile. We tested in two studies if mental contrasting (versus other modes of thoughts) is an effective strategy for people to self-regulate their conciliatory behavior. In Study 1, we assessed student participants’ spontaneous mode of thought when thinking about an unresolved interpersonal transgression and measured their commitment to reconcile. Eight days later, we assessed their conciliatory behavior. Participants who spontaneously mentally contrasted reported more commitment to reconcile and showed sensible conciliatory behavior (i.e., based on their expectations of solving their interpersonal concern). In Study 2, romantic couples were invited into the lab and asked to identify unresolved incidents in which one partner (the perpetrator) had offended the other (the victim). After perpetrators were induced to mentally contrast or indulge about a successful reconciliation, we videotaped the couples discussing the incident. Only perpetrators who mentally contrasted showed sensible conciliatory behavior and reached effective reconciliation (measured right after the experiment and 2 weeks later). The findings imply that mental contrasting supports perpetrators to show conciliatory behavior when it promises to be successful, but discourages it when it seems futile or adverse, thereby protecting the relationship from further harm.
This paper examines the discursive construction of collective identity in several feminist organizations, as a way of shedding new light on the debate over essentializing or totalizing terms in contemporary feminist/postmodernist theory. We argue that while this debate is about language, it has remained largely untouched by the insights of a discursive approach. The latter as we take it up here treats language as irremediably strategic or interested. In contrast, the feminist argument over essentializing terms appears to hold to a correspondence version of language, a position which limits the debate in fatal ways. Part 1 reviews the argument that terms such as women, feminist and feminist identity are essentializing discourses which dominate by silencing difference. Part 2 then considers the way one such concept – feminist identity – is actually constructed and used in the routine talk of members of feminist organizations. In Part 3 we draw out the implications of a discursive approach to such terms for the feminist/postmodernist debate. 相似文献