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151.
Kaup B Yaxley RH Madden CJ Zwaan RA Lüdtke J 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2007,60(7):976-990
We investigated the question of whether comprehenders mentally simulate a described situation even when this situation is explicitly negated in the sentence. In two experiments, participants read negative sentences such as There was no eagle in the sky, and subsequently responded to pictures of mentioned entities in the context of a recognition task. Participants' responses following negative sentences were faster when the depicted entity matched rather than mismatched the negated situation. These results suggest that comprehenders simulate the negated situation when processing a negated sentence. The results thereby provide further support for the experiential-simulations view of language comprehension. 相似文献
152.
This article tells the story of the journey made by an international research group of social psychologists in their collaborative
projects carried out over a number of years after the collapse of communism in Europe in 1989. The article explores some relations
between the aims of research conducted during a period of rapid political, social and economic change in Central and Eastern
Europe, and the ways these studies were shaped and transformed through collaboration. It shows how the collaboration of researchers
in the team affected the development of theoretical concepts and methodological ideas over the years, as well as how the team
learned from mistakes. Collaborative efforts cannot be viewed separately from the content of research. Moreover, this international
collaborative research has shown that the relationships between institutional and cultural changes cannot be understood by
means of comparing phenomena across different countries but by case studies in individual countries.
Ivana Marková is Emeritus Professor of psychology at the University of Stirling. She has carried out research into social representations of various kinds of phenomena (political, physical illness and mental disability) and communication. Her main theoretical interest is a dialogical theory of knowledge and its relation to social representations. Her latest books include Dialogicality and Social Representations, CUP (2003), which has been translated into several languages; The Making of Modern Social Psychology (with Serge Moscovici), Polity (2006); and Dialogue in Focus Groups: Exploring Socially Shared Knowledge (with Per Linell, Michele Grossen and Anne Salazar-Orvig), Equinox (2007). Jana Plichtová is a senior researcher at the Slovak Academy of Sciences - Department of Social and Biological Communication and a professor of Social Psychology at the Comenius University in Bratislava. Her theoretical interests include topics like social psychology of democracy, deliberation in small groups, analysis of argumentation, social representations of political and economic phenomena. She is co-author of several papers on social representations of democracy published in Culture and Psychology, European Journal of Social Psychology, Bulletin de Psychologie, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. She is regularly publishing in Slovak and Czech journals like Československá psychologie and Filozofia on the epistemological and methodological issues. She is an editor of several books (e.g. Minorities in Politics) and a co-author of two books published by Slovak publishers. Her book entitled “On Quantitative and qualitative approaches to the research of social representations” is widely used source by students of sociological social psychology. 相似文献
Ivana MarkováEmail: |
Ivana Marková is Emeritus Professor of psychology at the University of Stirling. She has carried out research into social representations of various kinds of phenomena (political, physical illness and mental disability) and communication. Her main theoretical interest is a dialogical theory of knowledge and its relation to social representations. Her latest books include Dialogicality and Social Representations, CUP (2003), which has been translated into several languages; The Making of Modern Social Psychology (with Serge Moscovici), Polity (2006); and Dialogue in Focus Groups: Exploring Socially Shared Knowledge (with Per Linell, Michele Grossen and Anne Salazar-Orvig), Equinox (2007). Jana Plichtová is a senior researcher at the Slovak Academy of Sciences - Department of Social and Biological Communication and a professor of Social Psychology at the Comenius University in Bratislava. Her theoretical interests include topics like social psychology of democracy, deliberation in small groups, analysis of argumentation, social representations of political and economic phenomena. She is co-author of several papers on social representations of democracy published in Culture and Psychology, European Journal of Social Psychology, Bulletin de Psychologie, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. She is regularly publishing in Slovak and Czech journals like Československá psychologie and Filozofia on the epistemological and methodological issues. She is an editor of several books (e.g. Minorities in Politics) and a co-author of two books published by Slovak publishers. Her book entitled “On Quantitative and qualitative approaches to the research of social representations” is widely used source by students of sociological social psychology. 相似文献
153.
Boris Forthmann Corinna Lips Carsten Szardenings Jana Scharfen Heinz Holling 《创造性行为杂志》2020,54(1):123-133
In this study, we focus on mental speed and divergent thinking, examining their relationship and the influence of task speededness. Participants (N = 109) completed a set of processing speed tasks and a test battery measuring divergent thinking. We used two speeded divergent-thinking tasks of 2 minutes and two unspeeded tasks of 8 minutes to test the influence of task speededness on creative quality and their relation to mental speed. Before each task, participants were instructed to be creative in order to optimally measure creative quality. We found a large main effect of task speededness: less creative ideas were generated when tasks were speeded as compared to unspeeded (Cohen's d = −1.64). We could also replicate a positive relationship of mental speed with speeded divergent thinking (r = .21) and mental speed with unspeeded divergent thinking (r = .25). Our hypothesis that the relation is higher for the speeded divergent-thinking tasks was not confirmed. Importantly, variation in creative quality scores under speeded conditions was not explained by mental speed beyond the predictive power of unspeeded creative quality. The latter finding implies that measurement of creative quality under speeded conditions is not confounded by mental speed. 相似文献
154.
Dale Dagenbach Lauren Julius Harris Hiram E. Fitzgerald 《Infant mental health journal》1988,9(3):218-234
Lateral preferences in parents' cradling and holding of their infants were assessed in a longitudinal study commencing 1–3 days after birth and ending at 18 months. Right-handed parents showed a consistent left-side preference, which declined slightly as the infants grew older. Left-handed mothers showed an initial left-side preference and then more variable holding behavior, including right-side preferences, in some conditions. No relationship between the parents' holding behavior and two measures of infant head posture was found. It is suggested that parental side-holding preferences and infant head orientation biases are components of a biobehavioral system designed to enhance the organization of the caregiver-infant relationship. 相似文献
155.
156.
157.
Jennifer L. Vande Voort Jana Svecova Amy Brown Jacobson Stephen P. Whiteside 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2010,17(3):322-328
The objective of this study was to facilitate the bidirectional communication between researchers and clinicians about the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Forty-four children were assessed before and after cognitive behavioral treatment with the parent versions of the Spence Child Anxiety Scale and Child Sheehan Disability Scale. In this retrospective study, treatment sessions were coded for the presence of exposures, relaxation, anxiety management, and behavior management. Results showed improved functioning within the clinical sample and suggested that treatment could be shorter, with exposure exercises implemented earlier in the course of treatment than described in manuals. Moreover, improvements in functioning were positively related to the use of exposures, and negatively related to the use of other anxiety management strategies. These results are discussed in the context of efforts to increase the availability of evidence-based treatments and are interpreted as supporting the development of more flexible treatment manuals. 相似文献
158.
A New Measure of Hallucinatory States and a Discussion of REM Sleep Dreaming as a Virtual Laboratory for the Rehearsal of Embodied Cognition
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Hallucinatory states are experienced not only in connection with drugs and psychopathologies but occur naturally and spontaneously across the human circadian cycle: Our nightly dreams bring multimodal experiences in the absence of adequate external stimuli. The current study proposes a new, tighter measure of these hallucinatory states: Sleep onset, REM sleep, and non‐REM sleep are shown to differ with regard to (a) motor imagery indicating interactions with a rich imaginative world, and (b) cognitive agency that could enable sleepers to recognize their hallucinatory state. Mentation reports from the different states were analysed quantitatively with regard to two grammatical–semantic constructs, motor agency and cognitive agency. The present results support earlier physiological and psychological evidence in revealing a decline in cognitive functions and an increase in simulated interactions with a hallucinatory world, en route to normal REM sleep. This leads us to introduce the hypothesis that REM sleep, which exhibits remarkably high levels of (simulated) sensorimotor processes, may have evolved to serve as a virtual laboratory for the development and rehearsal of embodied cognition. The new measure of hallucinatory states presented here may also hold implications for the study of executive functions and (meta‐)cognitions, which might be interesting, for example, for the investigation of lucid dreaming. 相似文献
159.
Ivana Markov Eleanor Moodie Robert M. Farr Ewa Drozda-Senkowska Ferenc Ers Jana Plichtov Marie-Claude Gervais Jana Hoffmannov Olga Mullerov 《European journal of social psychology》1998,28(5):797-829
Social representations of the individual are examined in three post-Communist Central European nations, i.e. the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, and in three West European nations, i.e. Scotland, England and France. All six nations share a common European history since the Renaissance and Humanism, based on such values as freedom, agency, individual rights and individual responsibility. Many of these values were rejected by the Communist regimes in which people lived for 40 years. Extreme forms of individualism developed in certain West European nations during the same period. In view of these historical events we have asked the following questions: Do people in the post-Communist countries of Central Europe, after 40 years of totalitarian collectivism, still adhere to the values of the common European heritage? What is the meaning of ‘the individual’ today, in Western democracies and in Central European post-Communist nations? Which issues are important for the well-being of the individual and how do they relate to the political and economic circumstances of those individuals? The results show that the values of the common European heritage in Central Europe have not been destroyed and that factors relating to the well-being of the individual differ between the two parts of Europe. These data are discussed in terms of the political and economic situations in Central and Western Europe, the relationship between language and social representations and the structure of social representations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
160.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - In visual word identification, readers automatically access word internal information: they recognize orthographically embedded words (e.g., HAT in THAT) and are... 相似文献