A study of orientation errors in response to Kohs-type figures(1)

In order to elucidate the nature of the orientation errors encountered when subjects are required to reproduce Kohs-type figures, subjects drawn from a culture where such errors are reported to be relatively common were required to reproduce orientation of simple figures. It was found that the responses made in the case of square figures showed a definite drift towards a “stable” orientation; the drift observed in the case of circular stimuli was too weak to permit an unambiguous interpretation. The relevance of these data to previous data on cross-cultural differences in responses to Kohs-type stimuli is briefly examined.     

Correctness of Kruskal's algorithms for monotone regression with ties

Kruskal has proposed two modifications of monotone regression that can be applied if there are ties in nonmetric scaling data. In this note we prove Kruskal's conjecture that his algorithms give the optimal least squares solution of these modified monotone regression problems. We also propose another (third) approach for dealing with ties.Comments by Dr. J. B. Kruskal have been most helpful.     

Alternative approaches to equity: Dissonance reduction pro-social motivation and strategic accommodation

Reviews, compares and evaluates a self-justijication and a decision theoretical conceptualization of equity. It is argued that the latter approach reveals an important and often neglected distinction between equity as a goal of social interaction and equity as an interpersonal strategy employed in rhe pursuit of other valued goals. Associated problems of definition and measurement are discussed. After a review of relevant research it is concluded that equity serves predominantly as an accommodative interpersonal strategy, and that future research should focus on analyzing the various functional bases of equity, their relationships, and their eflects on behaviour.