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931.
Wijngaards-de Meij L Stroebe M Schut H Stroebe W van den Bout J van der Heijden PG Dijkstra I 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2007,33(4):537-548
The impact of adult attachment on psychological adjustment among bereaved parents and the mediating effect of relationship satisfaction were examined among a sample of 219 couples of parents. Data collection took place 6, 13, and 20 months after loss. Use of the actor partner interdependence model in multilevel regression analysis enabled exploration of both individual as well as partner attachment as predictors of grief and depression. Results indicated that the more insecurely attached parents were (on both avoidance and anxiety attachment), the higher the symptoms of grief and depression. Neither the attachment pattern of the partner nor similarity of attachment within the couple had any influence on psychological adjustment of the parent. Marital satisfaction partially mediated the association of anxious attachment with symptomatology. Contrary to previous research findings, avoidant attachment was associated with high grief intensity. These findings challenge the notion that the avoidantly attached are resilient. 相似文献
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Jan Te Nijenhuis Olga F. Voskuijl Natasja B. Schijve 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2001,9(4):302-308
In the present research two studies are used to investigate the relation between g loading of tests and practice (test‐retest) and coaching (active teaching) effects. The data on practice do not support the hypothesis that the higher a test’s g loading, the less susceptible it is to preparation, but the data on coaching support the hypothesis. There is evidence that practice and coaching reduce the g‐loadedness of a collection of tests. The implications of these results for predictive validity, practical usability of the tests, the relevance of traditional intelligence taxonomies, and for future research are discussed. 相似文献
934.
Frank Baeyens Paul Eelen Geert Crombez Jan De Houwer 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2001,20(2):183-203
In previous research (Baeyens, Vansteenwegen et al., 1996) we demonstrated that when observers consume a series of CS+ and CS−flavored drinks while simultaneously watching
a videotaped model who synchronically drinks identical drinks and facially expresses his evaluation (dislike to CS+, neutral
to CS−) of the liquids, the observers acquire a dislike for CS+ flavored relative to CS−flavored drinks. The aim of the present
experiments was to test some predictions derived from a “direct conditioning” theory of such observational flavor learning.
Using the same observational flavor conditioning procedure, we investigated (Exp. 1) the effect of manipulating the observers’
belief concerning the relationship between the drinks that they and the model were consuming (same/different/no information).
Observational flavor conditioning was obtained when observers were led to believe that they were drinking the same drinks
as the model did, and when they were not informed about this relationship, but not when told to be drinking different drinks.
At the same time, however, the observers were not able to correctly identify the source of the model’s expression of dislike:
They showed no CS-US contingency-awareness. Whereas the former finding suggests the causal involvement of conscious beliefs
and cognitive inference processes in observational learning, the latter is more in line with the idea that the model’s facial
expressions may act like a US’ which is automatically associated with the paired flavor CS+, without any involvement of conscious
beliefs or cognitive inferences. These two crucial findings were replicated in Exp. 2. Also, we obtained evidence in this
study that the belief manipulation affected learning through its influence on the observers’ attention for the model’s facial
evaluative expressions. These results can be integrated either by a cognitive theory allowing the beliefs on which the inferences
are based to be of an implicit nature, or by a “direct conditioning” theory that conceives of the US’ as an interpreted event,
rather than as a mechanistically and invariantly acting physical entity. 相似文献
935.
Jan Ott 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2001,2(4):433-443
Robert Lane is a seasoned critic of American consumer society. His latest book summarizes many of the arguments brought up earlier and contributes new data about developments in income, companionship and happiness in the USA between 1972 and 1994. Lane notes a considerable rise in incomes over these years and claims that companionship and happiness have declined. He attributes this decline to market forces that emphasize money at the expense of intimate bonds, resulting in a weakened capacity to deal with stress.This review challenges two of the book's hypotheses. First, it shows that happiness did not decline in the USA in these years, but was actually quite stable. Second, it mitigates the assertion that companionship has dwindled and notes that money making and companionship are not necessarily antithetical.Still, Lane could be right. Possibly market forces did depress happiness and possibly that loss was offset by improvements in other fields, like increased freedom or better health care, such as better treatment for mental problems. If so, Lane's message is that Americans could have been happier than they ultimately were. 相似文献
936.
Jan C. C. Rupp 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2001,2(2):187-205
Since the 1950s nation-state building theories have dominated the debate on immigration in Europe and in the United States. The incorporation processes of “uprooted” immigrants into a new society are traditionally explained in terms of assimilaton or (ethnic) pluralization. Only recently has a new concept of transational migration been emerging. Following work done previously by Basch and Faist, in this article it is tentatively argued: (a) that cultural transnationalization among immigrants is as important as political and economic transnationalization; and (b) that political opportunity structures in the nation of residence facilitate not only cultural transnationalization, but also the formation of transnational cultural elites. These propositions are illustrated by the rise and expansion of Surinam Dutch soccer stardom and by the rise of a transnational Turkish/Moroccan Dutch Islam and of Turkish/Moroccan Dutch religious (Islamic) leadership. 相似文献
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Person‐Group Value Congruence and Subjective Well‐Being in Students from Argentina,Bulgaria and Finland: The Role of Interpersonal Relationships 下载免费PDF全文
Florencia M. Sortheix Jan‐Erik Lönnqvist 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2015,25(1):34-48
The present study examined the relations between personal values, value congruence, interpersonal relationships and subjective well‐being in psychology/education and business students from Argentina (N = 275), Bulgaria (N = 182) and Finland (N = 148). Regression analyses showed, first, that there were no direct relations between higher order value priorities and life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA) or negative affect (NA). Second, objective value‐congruence (VC)—the similarity between individual and group values—was positively related to LS and PA, and negatively related to NA. Most importantly, the effects of VC on LS, NA and PA were partially mediated by good interpersonal relationships. Our results show that interpersonal relationships are facilitated by sharing values similar to those of one's fellow students. More generally, personal values per se appear not to be associated with subjective well‐being, more important is how these values fit into the social context. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献