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221.
Martin P. Copeland Katherine J. Reynolds Jamie B. Burton 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2008,11(1):75-87
In the sociological tradition, status characteristics and patterns of interpersonal relations within a social network are considered important in explaining organizational behaviour (e.g. influence, cooperation). In the social identity tradition, perceptions of shared psychological group membership and group prototypicality are considered important in explaining many of the same organizational behaviours. The present paper explores core variables within each of these perspectives as predictors of advice seeking among supervisors in a manufacturing facility. Dyadic measures of group assignment are found to better predict advice seeking than measures taken at the individual level. Identification with work groups predicted advice seeking from those perceived to be in the same group, and also from structural equivalents. Implications for theory and further research are discussed. 相似文献
222.
This article has two primary aims. The first is to introduce a new Vietnamese text-based corpus. The Corpora of Vietnamese Texts (CVT; Tang, 2006a) consists of approximately 1 million words drawn from newspapers and children's literature, and is available online at www.vnspeechtherapy.com/vi/CVT. The second aim is to investigate potential differences in lexical frequency and distributional characteristics in the CVT on the basis of place of publication (Vietnam or Western countries) and intended audience: adult-directed texts (newspapers) or child-directed texts (children's literature). We found clear differences between adult- and child-directed texts, particularly in the distributional frequencies of pronouns or kinship terms, which were more frequent in children's literature. Within child- and adult-directed texts, lexical characteristics did not differ on the basis of place of publication. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed. 相似文献
223.
Milene Z. Morfei Karen Hooker Jamie Carpenter Carolyn Mix Eric Blakeley 《Journal of Adult Development》2004,11(1):55-58
Fifty mothers and 48 fathers of soon-to-be-independent children were interviewed to determine how agentic and communal generative themes would be reflected in parenting, occupation, volunteer work, and leisure activities. Mothers reported more communal themes (F5, 83 = 2.32, p <.05). Correlations between generativity and well-being resulted in a negative relationship for mothers in parenting communal generative acts (r = –.41, p = .007) and total generative acts (r = –.3, p = .05) as assessed by the interview. Negative correlations also emerged between mothers' well-being and communal generative acts from the Generative Behavior Checklist, (r = –.33, p = .02). 相似文献
224.
Students, faculty, and researchers have become increasingly comfortable with the Internet, and many of them are interestedin using the Web to collectdata. Few published studies have investigated the differences between Web-based data and data collected with more traditional methods. In order to investigate these potential differences, two important factors were crossed in this study: whether the data were collected on line or not and whether the data were collected in a group setting at a fixed time or individually at a time of the respondent’s choosing. The Visions of Morality scale (Shelton & McAdams, 1990) was used, and the participants were assigned to one of four conditions: in-class Web survey, in-class paper-and-pencil survey; take-home Web survey, and take-home paper-and-pencil survey. No significant differences in scores were found for any condition; however, response rates were affected by the type of survey administered, with the take-home Web-based instrument having the lowest response rate. Therefore, researchers need to be aware that different modes of administration may affect subject attrition and may, therefore, confound investigations of other independent variables. 相似文献
225.
Inka Weissbecker Paul Salmon Jamie L. Studts Andrea R. Floyd Eric A. Dedert Sandra E. Sephton 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2002,9(4):297-307
Sense of Coherence (SOC) is conceptualized as a disposition to experience life as meaningful and manageable. Research suggests a protective effect of SOC on psychological health in stressful circumstances. This study assessed the capacity of SOC to buffer the effect of illness symptoms on psychological distress among patients with fibromyalgia. Self-reported changes in SOC after participation in a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program were also examined. Ninety-one women with fibromyalgia provided baseline data pertaining to illness symptoms, perceived stress, and depression prior to participation in a randomized trial of MBSR. SOC and fibromyalgia symptoms were independently related to perceived stress and depression at baseline. SOC was not a statistically significant moderator of symptom effects on psychological distress. In comparison with wait-listed controls, program participants reported a significant increase in SOC after MBSR participation. These results provide the first demonstration from a randomized trial that SOC may be enhanced via intervention. 相似文献
226.
Adam T. Hirsh Samuel F. Sears Jr. Jamie B. Conti 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(3):270-279
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are the treatment of choice for patients at risk for potentially life threatening
arrhythmias. The associated stress of living with an implanted device and receiving ICD shock therapy has been noted to exert
a psychological toll on the individual patient and family. Anxious and depressive symptomatology is frequently reported by
these patients, thus creating a demand for tailored psychological interventions for this population. The current case report
describes the components, delivery, and effectiveness of a targeted treatment approach for anxiety and depression in an individual
with an ICD. Test results and interview data revealed significant improvements in multiple domains of cognitive, emotional,
and behavioral functioning. Improvements in marital relations were also achieved. These treatment effects were maintained
at follow-up and in the context of acute, medical stressors. Future clinical and research directions are also discussed. 相似文献
227.
The identical elements (IE) theory of fact representation (Rickard, 2005) proposes that memorized facts that are composed
of identical elements (e.g., 6 × 8 = 48 and 8 × 6 = 48) share a common representation in memory, whereas facts with nonidentical
elements (e.g., 6 × 8 = 48 and 48 ÷ 8 = 6) are represented separately in memory. The IE model has been successfully applied
to the transfer of practice in simple multiplication and division, in transition from procedure-based to retrieval-based performance,
and in cued episodic recall. In the present article, we examined the effects of practicing simple addition problems (e.g.,
3 + 6 = 9) on the performance of corresponding subtraction problems (9 − 6 = 3), and vice versa. According to IE theory, there
should be no transfer of retrieval savings between addition and subtraction facts if performance is based on discrete IE fact
representations. Cross-operation response time savings were observed, however, for both small, well-memorized problems (e.g.,
practice 3 + 2, test 5 − 2) and larger problems (6 + 8, 14 − 6), and they were statistically robust when trials that were
self-reported as direct retrieval were analyzed. The transfer of retrieval practice savings between facts with nonidentical
elements challenges IE theory as a comprehensive model of transfer in memory retrieval. 相似文献
228.
Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) occurs when practice of a memory item impairs retrieval of related, unpracticed items. Here, we demonstrated that RIF in semantic memory is retrieval dependent. University students either studied (7 × 8 = 56) or retrieved (7 × 8 = ?) the answers to a set of multiplication problems for 40 blocks and then were tested on their addition counterparts (7 + 8 = ?). For the retrieval practice group, but not the study practice group, response time for the multiplication-practiced addition facts was about 100 msec slower, relative to control addition problems, in the first of five postpractice addition blocks. Subsequent blocks of addition were interleaved with retrieval blocks of all the multiplication counterparts, which permitted measurement of RIF for the control addition problems after only a single retrieval of their multiplication counterparts. The control problems presented RIF in excess of 200 msec, much larger than the RIF observed after massive practice. This is consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of competitors should be weaker when target strength is high than when target strength is only moderate (Anderson, 2003; Norman, Newman, &; Detre, 2007). The evidence that RIF in semantic retrieval is both retrieval dependent and weaker following massive target practice than following moderate target practice provides strong support for inhibition-based theories of RIF. 相似文献
229.