Some psychometric correlates of behaviour in India and Canada(1)

A number of questionnaires, measuring category-width, risk-taking propensity, tolerance of ambiguity, world-mindedness and authoritarianism, were administered to samples of university students in India and Canada. The results are consistent with previous investigations and indicate that the Indians, as contrasted with the Canadians, prefer narrow categories, choose conservative risks, are less tolerant of ambiguity, are more authoritarian and, if attending a Hindu College, are less world-minded. The relationship of these orientations to other variables such as achievement motivation are discussed and the importance of antecedent child-rearing practices is noted.     

A Plexiglas helmet and catheter protection assembly for chronic intravenous administration of drugs in small primates

A restraint and catheter-protection system consisting of a Plexiglas helmet and a nylon-tubing protector line has been developed to permit the long-term study of drug self-administration in monkeys. Frequent observations of monkeys in the system over a period exceeding a year have shown that the technique satisfies the requirements for long-term study of drug administration through an indwelling catheter and avoids several recurring problems inherent in other protection systems. Additional applications of the helmet and protector line are discussed.     

Posttrial d-amphetamine sulfate and one-trail learning in mice.

Experiments are reported which show that 2 mg/kg of d-amphetamine sulfate injected intravenously immediately after footshock on a one-trail passive aviodance learning task impairs the performance of mice in retention tests 24 and 96 hr late. When the injection is delayed by as little as 90 sec, no such impairment is seen. A similar intravenous injection immediately after the learning trail of a water-rewarded one-trail appetitive task has no discernible affect on performance in retention trails 24 hr and 6 wk later. It is argued that the effects of the amphetamines on learning behavior depend on whether reward or punishment is involoved and, further, that all such effects could be accounted for in terms of the drugs' influence on memory mechanisms.     

... In the parish

Conclusion In the past fifteen years there has been change in the field of pastoral theology. Titles of anniversary books and annual conferences do have a new look. This progress gives hope that pastoral theology in the parish of the next two decades will have grown as much beyond today as today has grown beyond the early fifties. Redefinition of model, clarification of vocation for the whole parish, and a new clericalism are possible. When they come alive, pastoral theology will have kept faith with those who minister; more important, it will have contributed to the relevancy of Christianity for a changed world; most important, it will have kept faith with faith experienced.     

Sex and coding strategy effects on reaction time to hemispheric probes

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of coding instructions on cerebral laterality differences. Experiment I required 20 subjects (10 female) to use either rehearsal or imagery coding strategies in a recognition task with word probes to the right and left hemispheres. No hemispheric differences were found, but sex of subject was found to be related to coding strategy. Ten subjects (5 female) in Experiment II performed a similar task, except picture probes were used. Subjects using rehearsal coding responded faster to left-hemisphere probes, but faster to right-hemisphere probes when imagery coding was employed. The differing laterality effects in these experiments were attributed to naming responses implicitly required in Experiment II.     

Classical aversive conditioning of heart rate in curarized rats at different blood gas levels

In an effort to examine whether normal blood gas tensions were essential for conditioning, paralyzed rats received a classical aversive heart rate (HR) conditioning session while respirated at different peak expired CO₃ values. After the session, arterial blood was drawn for analysis. That peak expired CO₂ was effective in manipulating Pco₂ was indicated by a significant correlation (r = 0.594, df = 17, P < 0.05). In addition, only rats with blood gas values similar to those of anesthetized controls displayed a discriminated HR CR. These animals also had lower baseline HRs and greater HR variability. Further, 7 of the 9 rats with normal blood gas values were respirated at peak expired CO₂ values from 5.0–5.1 per cent, and no animal ventilated within this range displayed abnormal values. These findings suggest that previous difficulties in obtaining classical and operant conditioning in paralyzed animals may, in part, be attributable to inadequate ventilation.