The Vocational Rehabilitation Counselor on Mental Patient Treatment Teams

This study asked the question: What are the role expectancies of treatment personnel in the treatment community and are they consistent across patients' emotional condition? An 83-item inventory was developed and administered under three different sets of instructions, each characterizing a different patient condition. Treatment staff and administrators were asked to rate items on the basis of the level of expectancy they held for their team vocational rehabilitation counselor. The analyses suggest that treatment staff and counselors do not agree on role expectations and that patient condition is a significant mediating variable.     

Are thresholds reduced by illusions? An attempt at replication

Three experiments are reported, which are attempts to replicate the finding of Ross and Gregory (1964) that difference thresholds for weights can be lowered by means of the size-weight illusion. Three different procedures were used, the first one (experiment I) being designed to show whether or not changes in a subject's judgement criterion could account for apparent changes in sensitivity. The second method (Experiment II) was a replication of Ross and Gregory's first procedure, in which the standard weight was judged before the comparison. In Experiments I and II a larger illusion was induced than in the original studies, but in Experiment III both the weights and container sizes were practically identical to those used by Ross and Gregory. The procedure was also the same as their most successful procedure (number 3) in which standard and comparison were judged simultaneously. The findings were uniformly negative: there was no evidence of criterion shift when the size-weight illusion was induced nor did we find the lowering of threshold previously reported.     

Frequency discrimination near masked threshold

Frequency DLs (Δf) at 1000 Hz were obtained in quiet and under masking conditions similar to those used in pitch-shift experiments, narrow-band noise at levels of 60, 80, and 100 dB SPL and tones at 15 dB SL or less. The Δfs were obtained by means of a tracking task in which the S controlled the input voltage to a frequency modulator. Characteristic improvement was seen when Δf was plotted as a function of sensation level. However, noise level itself was a significant factor, with more intense noise resulting in larger Δfs for tones of equal sensation level re masked threshold. This departure from previous findings is attributed to the signal and noise levels used, although the possibility exists that it is due to the use of modulated tones.     

On the rate of stimulus occlusion during intermittent retinal stimulation

The CFF was determined with three sectored disks, each of which corresponded to one of the three rings in a Helmholtz disk. The fusion frequency is identical for all three rings of a Helmholtz disk but with the three sectored disks it was found that the rate of stimulus occlusion is a major factor in determining the CFF. It was tentatively concluded that the effect was not a consequence of different stimulus wave-forms. The phenomenon appears to have been reported late in the last century.     

Satiation effects in the perception of single letters’

When single letters were presented for five flashes, with S making a clarity judgment after each exposure, initial potentiation and subsequent satiation effects were found. A processing task and complete prior knowledge led to an increased probability of a “clear” response on the first exposure and to an earlier onset of the satiation effect. The results are discussed in terms of the neural network model underlying this research.     

Group Dynamics—Boon or Bane?

In our society an increasingly greater emphasis is being placed on group interaction and decision-making. Persons participating in such a process often use the term “group dynamics” to describe what is thought to be a social-psychological phenomenon. This article discusses some of the elements of “true” group characteristics and effects, and their possible existence in “group dynamic” situations. The article also deals with the implications of the effects of these elements in “group dynamic” environments on educational and administrative leadership and decision-making.     

Calvinism and psychoanalysis: A comparative study

Summary Although the title of this essay suggests a comparison of psychoanalysis and Calvinism, I have chosen to compare primarily the two leaders of these movements. On many points they shared similar beliefs. Certain of these areas have been highlighted and discussed briefly: ascetic tendencies, work, religion, concepts of God and of man, actions as symptoms, and predestination and determinism.