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931.
To understand the role that Mexican origin parents play in their children's academic success, this study used structural equation modeling to evaluate the associations of parents' parenting practices (warmth, monitoring, harshness, and academic involvement) and cultural orientations (enculturation and acculturation) with their adolescents' grades, classroom behavior, and association with peers who get into trouble at school. Data were obtained from teachers, mothers, fathers, and male and female adolescents in 560 Mexican origin families living in the southwest U.S. Results indicated that mothers' and fathers' parenting practices and cultural orientations were linked to adolescents' academic outcomes. However, there were differences for boys and girls. Results are discussed in relation to parent and adolescent gender roles and implications for intervention. 相似文献
932.
Corinne Post Nancy DiTomaso George F. Farris Rene Cordero 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(1):19-32
Purpose In this study we evaluate competing models of the direct and indirect effects of work interference with family (WIF) and family
interference with work (FIW) on two turnover intentions relevant to scientists and engineers: (i) leaving R&D for non-R&D
work within the same organization and (ii) leaving one’s organization for another one.
Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design was used. Our sample consists of almost 500 scientists and engineers in dual-earner families and
with dependent care responsibilities.
Findings We find some support for the domain-specific predictors-to-outcomes model: FIW indirectly (but not directly) increases intentions
to change organization through work dissatisfaction. Contrary to expectations from the stress management model we find neither
direct nor indirect relationships between WIF and turnover intentions.
Implications Our findings suggest that organizations that help employees manage the effects of FIW on work dissatisfaction may be able
to reduce the turnover among their technical workforce.
Originality/value The study examines an overlooked outcome of work-family conflict: turnover intentions. In addition, it provides much needed
attention to the implications of workfamily conflict for scientists and engineers, who have received little attention in the
work-family conflict literature despite longstanding efforts to understand the relationship between marriage, parenthood,
and productivity in these fields.
相似文献
Rene CorderoEmail: |
933.
Measurements of people’s causal and explanatory models are frequently key dependent variables in investigations of concepts
and categories, lay theories, and health behaviors. A variety of challenges are inherent in the pen-and-paper and narrative
methods commonly used to measure such causal models. We have attempted to alleviate these difficulties by developing a software
tool, ConceptBuilder, for automating the process and ensuring accurate coding and quantification of the data. In this article,
we present ConceptBuilder, a multiple-use tool for data gathering, data entry, and diagram display. We describe the program’s
controls, report the results of a usability test of the program, and discuss some technical aspects of the program. We also
describe ConceptAnalysis, a companion program for generating data matrices and analyses, and ConceptViewer, a program for
viewing the data exactly as drawn. 相似文献
934.
Nancy Kelley-Gillespie 《Applied research in quality of life》2009,4(3):259-282
Quality of life is fast becoming a standard of measure of long-term care and gerontological service outcomes. Although the
issue of quality of life has been of increasing interest in the field of aging, there has been little agreement as to the
clarity and definition of the concept and how to measure it, especially as it relates to older adults. Presented here is a
comprehensive, integrated model of quality of life that was developed by synthesizing existing constructs within the literature
into six major life domains—(1) social well-being, (2) physical well-being, (3) psychological well-being, (4) cognitive well-being,
(5) spiritual well-being, and (6) environmental well-being. Consistent with a general systems framework, this holistic model
expands the predominant Health-Related Quality of Life constructs to incorporate non-physical aspects of well-being. Each
of these domains was broken down into several dimensions in an effort to operationalize the concept of quality of life so
that it can have some common standard of useful measurement. These major life domains and indicators are important factors
in determining the perceptions of quality of life of older adults. Understanding what constitutes quality of life and how
to measure it comprehensively has significant implications for social policy and practice in the field of aging. 相似文献
935.
Thea A. Owens Meredith E. Tabangin Carl A. Huether Bethany Vice Bowling Nancy Steinberg Warren 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(3):275-286
Studies show teachers play an influential role in the career decision-making process of students and early knowledge of genetic
counseling (GC) increases the likelihood students will consider this career option. This quantitative study is the first to
explore the presentation of GC and other health care career options by high school (HS) biology/life science (B/LS) teachers
in their classrooms. Our findings indicate most B/LS teachers present GC as a career option to HS students, agree it complements
classroom activities, and perceive students as interested in learning about the profession. However, teachers note many barriers
to spending class time presenting GC careers. Consequently, a substantial number of teachers spent a minimal amount of time
presenting health care careers in general. We discuss ways genetic counselors can enhance career resources, reduce barriers,
and foster student interest in pursuing a career in GC by developing partnerships with HS B/LS teachers. 相似文献
936.
937.
Temperament and its Relationship to Autistic Symptoms in a High-Risk Infant Sib Cohort 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Garon N Bryson SE Zwaigenbaum L Smith IM Brian J Roberts W Szatmari P 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(1):59-78
The present study prospectively investigated early temperamental profiles and their associations with autistic symptoms in
high-risk infants (N = 138) with an older sibling with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and low-risk infants (N = 73) with no family history of ASD. Children who were diagnosed with ASD at 36 months were distinguished from non-ASD sibs
and controls by a temperament profile marked by lower positive affect, higher negative affect and difficulty controlling attention
and behavior, which we labeled Effortful Emotion Regulation. This profile also distinguished the non-ASD sib group from the
control group. Children with ASD were distinguished from both of the other two groups by a temperament profile of low Behavioral
Approach (lower sensitivity to “social” reward cues). Low levels of Behavioral Approach were associated with a higher number
of ASD symptoms, even after taking into account IQ, sex and group membership. Finally, a cluster analysis revealed two ASD
subgroups distinguished by number of ASD symptoms, IQ, age of diagnosis and scores on the Behavioral Approach profile. These
findings suggest that temperament may be a useful framework for understanding the emergence of ASD early in life. 相似文献
938.
Nancy Cartwright 《Erkenntnis》2009,70(1):45-58
This paper argues that even when simple analogue models picture parallel worlds, they generally still serve as isolating tools.
But there are serious obstacles that often stop them isolating in just the right way. These are obstacles that face any model
that functions as a thought-experiment but they are especially pressing for economic models because of the paucity of economic
principles. Because of the paucity of basic principles, economic models are rich in structural assumptions. Without these
no interesting conclusions can be drawn. This, however, makes trouble when it comes to exporting conclusions from the model
to the world. One uncontroversial constraint on induction from special cases is to beware of extending conclusions to situations
that we know are different in relevant respects. In the case of economic models it is clear by inspection that the unrealistic
structural assumptions of the model are intensely relevant to the conclusion. Any inductive leap to a real situation seems
a bad bet.
相似文献
Nancy CartwrightEmail: |
939.
Infants rapidly accrue information via imitation from multiple sources, including television and electronic toys. In two experiments, we examined whether adding sound effects to video or live demonstrations would influence imitation by 6-, 12-, and 18-month-olds. In Experiment 1, we added matching and mismatching sound effects to target actions presented by a televised model. We found that 6-month-olds reproduced the target actions regardless of whether the sound effects were matched or mismatched, whereas 12- and 18-month-olds reproduced the actions only when the sound effects were matched. In Experiment 2, we added matching sound effects to target actions presented by a live model. The addition of sound effects disrupted imitation performance by 6-, 12-, and 18-month-olds. Overall, imitation provides a clear behavioral measure of rapid changes in learning from television and electronic toys during infancy. These findings have practical implications for producers and parents regarding learning in the digital age and theoretical implications regarding the development of integrated action-perception representational systems. 相似文献
940.
When making source attributions, people tend to attribute desirable statements to reliable sources and undesirable statements
to unreliable sources, a phenomenon known as the wishful thinking effect (Gordon, Franklin, & Beck, 2005). In the present study, we examined the influence of wishful thinking on source monitoring
for self-relevant information. On one hand, wishful thinking is expected, because self-relevant desires are presumably strong.
However, self-relevance is known to confer a memory advantage and may thus provide protection from desire-based biases. In
Experiment 1, source memory for self-relevant information was contrasted against source memory for information relevant to
others and for neutral information. Results indicated that self-relevant information was affected by wishful thinking and
was remembered more accurately than was other information. Experiment 2 showed that the magnitude of the self-relevant wishful
thinking effect did not increase with a delay. 相似文献