Forensic examiners routinely compare a crime-relevant mark of unknown origin against a single suspect's sample, which may create an expectation that the two will match. We tested how embedding the suspect's sample among known-innocent fillers (i.e., an evidence lineup) affects expert decision-making. Experienced fingerprint examiners (N = 43) compared crime-relevant marks against either individual suspect fingerprints (i.e., the standard procedure) or arrays of fingerprints (i.e., evidence lineups), with a matching fingerprint either present or absent. Evidence lineups promoted conservative decision-making, as evidenced by fewer correct IDs and a higher rate of inconclusive judgments. Though errors were rare, evidence lineups also occasionally revealed errors that would have otherwise gone undetected. Our findings thus support arguments that evidence lineups can expose fraud, identify flawed methodologies, and curb overconfidence. The potential benefits and challenges of implementing evidence lineups in forensic laboratories are discussed. 相似文献
Based on a review of the literature we introduce a conceptualization of shopping-life balance, defined as a state of balanced satisfaction between shopping life and other life domains. The new construct involves two dimensions: engagement in shopping life and minimal conflict between social roles in shopping life and roles in other life domains. We argue that engagement in shopping life contributes to satisfaction in shopping life, which in turn contributes to subjective well-being through a bottom-up process. However, engagement in shopping life can lead to role conflict, which causes dissatisfaction in other life domains (e.g., family life, social life, financial life), and in turn detracts from subjective well-being through a bottom-up process. Role conflict may also detract from shopping engagement, thereby reducing satisfaction in shopping life. In the context of this unifying framework we explain much of the research conducted in relation to both shopping engagement and role conflict—predictors or antecedents of shopping engagement and role conflict, namely personal, situational, institutional, and cultural factors involved in shopping-life balance. Research and policy implications are also discussed.
Level 6 of the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA) assesses the ease or difficulty with which persons with developmental
disabilities are able to learn a two-choice auditory-visual discrimination. We investigated whether participants who passed
ABLA Level 6 (Group 1) would more readily learn object naming (vocal tacts) than those who failed ABLA Level 6 (Group 2).
The groups were matched on the Communication Subscale of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. Results indicated that Group
1 met mastery criterion for a significantly larger number of naming responses and in significantly fewer trials than Group
2. The implications for language training are discussed. 相似文献
The biotech revolution profoundly changes and reconstructs the Foucaultian concept of biopolitics from different dimensions.
It declares the coming of the Age of Biocapitalism, which opens a new pattern of modern power allocation of life governance
and shows people two prospects simultaneously: utopian hopes and dystopian desperation. Biocapitalism has not only produced
ethical degeneration and cultural shock, but more importantly, has opened new areas for political hegemony and economic aggression
through the reconstruction of biopolitics, and the enhancement of capital’s comprehensive dominance on nature and the human
society. Therefore, it has become an area of serious, scholarly research in the biotech era to explore the implications of
contemporary biopolitics, to take precautions against, and reduce the real risks of technocapitalism. This paper investigates
the new biopolitics supported by the manipulation of modern biotechnology, especially genetic engineering, and unveils the
possible hazards and deep contradictions inherent in this capital-controlled science, within the context of biocapitalism.
It also seeks ways to prevent technological alienation and to reconstruct political rationality. It argues that entrepreneurs,
scientists, companies and universities of developed countries must realize the limits of capital expansion and the self―regulatory
capability of the market, and, then, assume ethical responsibilities as biocapital holders. 相似文献