New understanding of the role of coincidence site lattice boundaries in abnormal grain growth of aluminium alloy

The sequential microstructure evolution of abnormal grain growth (AGG) in the aluminium alloy (AA5052) was investigated to analyse the migration behaviour of coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries, which are known to play an important role in inducing AGG. The sequential evolution showed that CSL boundaries tend to disappear more slowly than general boundaries at the growth front of abnormally growing grains. Especially, the migration rate of Σ9 boundaries was noticeably low, which is contrary to the previous suggestions.     

Familial,Social, and Cultural Factors Influencing Panic Disorder: Family Therapy Case of Korean Wife and American Husband

This study examined the progress and causes of panic disorder symptoms in a client by focusing on family culture, events, and sociocultural background. The study results revealed that the underlying cause of the client's anxiety was originated from family characteristics. The present study suggested a new perspective on panic disorder by delving into family relations and sociocultural background in Korea, such as son preference, academic background-oriented culture, and collectivism. This study intended to provide a new perspective on how the experiences within family could affect panic disorder and to propose family therapeutic method for dealing with panic disorder.     

Effect of a nanoporous surface on photoluminescence from nanopatterned GaN thin films fabricated by anodic alumina templates

GaN photonic crystal slabs on InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well light-emitting diodes have been formed by dry etching using nanoporous anodic alumina templates, which have a periodic lattice constant of 105 nm and a hole diameter of 45 nm. The photonic crystal slab shows an enhanced intensity of photoluminescence due to the nanohole pattern array producing Fabry–Perot like interference. A rough surface of nanoholes results in a broad spectrum with a small oscillation, and well-ordered multiple facets of nanoholes results in a relatively sharp spectrum with a large oscillation.     

Emotional well-being: The role of social achievement goals and self-esteem

The current study examined how self-esteem and social achievement goals affect individuals’ emotions independently and jointly using the data collected from 367 college students. Social development goals were related to positive emotions (i.e., love and joy). Social demonstration-avoid goals were related to maladaptive patterns (low levels of joy but high levels of fear, shame and sadness). Social demonstration-approach goals were positively associated with joy but had null relations with all other emotions. The results indicated that social development goals buffered students with low self-esteem against negative emotions and amplified the positive emotional experiences. In contrast, social demonstration-avoid goals were especially harmful for students with low self-esteem.     

How do the dynamics of shame influence smartphone addiction of Korean Christian adolescents? A study based on external and internal shame

Individuals with negative feeling such as shame might be vulnerable to smartphone addiction. The present study aimed to explore the relationship of smartphone addiction with external shame and internal shame in a sample of Christian adolescents in Korea. The correlational and causal relationships between Korean Christian adolescents’ smartphone addiction and external shame-including others and God-and internal shame were examined. Through a correlational analysis, the study found that external shame-others, external shame-God, internal shame, and smartphone addiction were all highly correlated with each other. During causal and mediation analyses, it was found that internal shame mediated external shame-others and smartphone addiction and also mediated external shame-God and smartphone addiction. In addition, the study offers a discussion of its finding and suggestions for clinical interventions.     

Finger inter-dependence: linking the kinetic and kinematic variables

We studied the dependence between voluntary motion of a finger and pressing forces produced by the tips of other fingers of the hand. Participants moved one of the fingers (task finger) of the right hand trying to follow a cyclic, ramp-like flexion-extension template at different frequencies. The other fingers (slave fingers) were restricted from moving; their flexion forces were recorded and analyzed. Index finger motion caused the smallest force production by the slave fingers. Larger forces were produced by the neighbors of the task finger; these forces showed strong modulation over the range of motion of the task finger. The enslaved forces were higher during the flexion phase of the movement cycle as compared to the extension phase. The index of enslaving expressed in N/rad was higher when the task finger moved through the more flexed postures. The dependence of enslaving on both range and direction of task finger motion poses problems for methods of analysis of finger coordination based on an assumption of universal matrices of finger interdependence.     

Visual working memory for line orientations and face identities

Previous studies have shown that the number of objects we can actively hold in visual working memory is smaller for more complex objects. However, complex objects are not just more complex but are often more similar to other complex objects used as test probes. To separate effects of complexity from effects of similarity, we measured visual memory following a 1-sec delay for complex and simple objects at several levels of memory-to-test similarity. When memory load was one object, memory accuracy for a face (a complex attribute) was similar to a line orientation (a simple attribute) when the face changed in steps of 10% along a morphing continuum and the line changed in steps of 5° in orientation. Performance declined with increasing memory load and increasing memory-to-test similarity. Remarkably, when memory load was three or four objects, face memory was better than orientation memory at similar changed steps. These results held when memory for line orientations was compared with that for inverted faces. We conclude that complex objects do not always exhaust visual memory more quickly than simple objects do.