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451.
When the categories of the independent variable in an analysis of variance are quantitative, it is more informative to evaluate the trends in the treatment means than to simply compare differences among the treatment means. A permutation alternative to the conventional F test is shown to possess significant advantages when analyzing trend among quantitative treatments in a one-way analysis of variance. An example with and without an extreme data point illustrates the effectiveness of the permutation alternative for the analysis of trend when homogeneity of variance is compromised. 相似文献
452.
Chronis-Tuscano A O'Brien KA Johnston C Jones HA Clarke TL Raggi VL Rooney ME Diaz Y Pian J Seymour KE 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(7):1047-1057
This study examined the extent to which maternal attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms predict improvement
in child behavior following brief behavioral parent training. Change in parenting was examined as a potential mediator of
the negative relationship between maternal ADHD symptoms and improvement in child behavior. Seventy mothers of 6–10 year old
children with ADHD underwent a comprehensive assessment of adult ADHD prior to participating in an abbreviated parent training
program. Before and after treatment, parenting was assessed via maternal reports and observations and child disruptive behavior
was measured via maternal report. Controlling for pre-treatment levels, maternal ADHD symptomatology predicted post-treatment
child disruptive behavior problems. The relation between maternal ADHD symptomatology and improvement in child behavior was
mediated by change in observed maternal negative parenting. This study replicated findings linking maternal ADHD symptoms
with attenuated child improvement following parent training, and is the first to demonstrate that negative parenting at least
partially explains this relationship. Innovative approaches combining evidence-based treatment for adult ADHD with parent
training may therefore be necessary for families in which both the mother and child have ADHD. Larger-scale studies using
a full evidence-based parent training program are needed to replicate these findings. 相似文献
453.
454.
In many species, young males are the dispersers, leaving their natal area after weaning to establish a breeding area of their own. As young males disperse, however, they are bound to encounter unfamiliar adult males with established territories. Such interactions between an adult male and a young male may always be agonistic. Alternatively, there may be an age threshold below which aggression is not elicited and above which the adult male is aggressive toward the juvenile male. To test these two alternative hypotheses, we paired 47 young Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) males ranging from 24 to 65 days of age with 47 adult male hamsters and measured aggressive and investigatory behavior for 5 min. We observed no aggression by the adult toward young males between 24 and 47 days of age or toward the single male that was 49 days of age. Young males that were 50 days of age or older, however, elicited significant levels of aggression from the adults. These results indicate that in Syrian hamsters, young males are less vulnerable to adult aggression up to an age threshold and are more vulnerable to adult aggression beyond that threshold. This pattern may facilitate the establishment of territories by dispersing young males below that age threshold. Aggr. Behav. 37:91–97, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
455.
Raymond Oppong Billingsley Kaambwa Jacqui Nuttall Kerenza Hood Richard D. Smith Joanna Coast 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(4):411-423
Although EQ-5D has been used in the context of acute cough/lower respiratory tract infections (acute cough/LRTI), it has not
been formally validated in this disease area. The primary aim of this study is to assess the construct validity of EQ-5D as
a measure for economic evaluation in the context of acute cough/lower respiratory tract infections. Data were collected alongside
an observational study of the management of patients with acute cough/LRTI in thirteen European countries. However, the analysis
was limited to 349 patients from the UK. Hypotheses were specified a priori and tested in order to establish the construct
validity of EQ-5D. Statistical methods used to test the a priori hypotheses included Wilcoxon signed rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis
test, Chi-square test and regression analysis. Most of the relationships that were tested were in line with the a priori hypotheses.
The main results indicate that there was a negative relationship between symptom severity scores and EQ-5D, smoking was associated
with worse EQ-5D scores and EQ-5D was able to discriminate between patients with headache, interference with normal activities
and disturbed sleep. This study also showed that the EQ-5D is moderately responsive in patients with acute cough/LRTI, and
is a suitable measure for use in economic evaluation studies of acute cough/LRTI 相似文献
456.
Cultural Variations in Mothers’ Acceptance of and Intent to Use Behavioral Child Management Techniques 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We examined cultural differences in mothers’ acceptance of and intent to use behavioral parenting techniques for managing
disruptive child behavior, and the possible roles of parenting styles and implicit theories in explaining these cultural differences.
A community sample of 117 Euro-Canadian and Chinese-immigrant mothers of boys aged 4- to 8-years participated. Chinese-immigrant
mothers had more favorable attitudes towards punishment techniques (i.e., overcorrection and spanking) than Euro-Canadian
mothers, and mothers’ authoritarian parenting style accounted for this cultural difference. No cultural differences were found
in mothers’ attitudes towards reward (i.e., praise and token economy) or withdrawal of positive reinforcement (i.e., response
cost and time-out). This study helps to inform efforts to increase the cultural sensitivity of mental health services for
the underserved population of Chinese-immigrant families. 相似文献
457.
458.
Adolescents' involvement in violence is a public health concern worldwide, with male adolescents more likely than female adolescents to be involved. A review of the literature published between 1990 and 2011 was conducted to examine the risk and protective factors associated with gender and adolescents' involvement in violent behavior. While research suggests there is an association between gender and involvement in violent behavior, the strength of this association appears to be mediated by gender relationships with other risk and protective factors. Moreover, these relationships appear to vary amongst different communities. Prior to the development and implementation of violence prevention strategies, consideration should be given to collecting longitudinal data specific to the target community. These data would guide the development of effective prevention strategies to ensure they address local needs, influences, and associations between gender and other risk and protective factors. 相似文献
459.
Lynda Johnston 《Emotion, Space and Society》2012,5(1):1-9
This paper explores the role of touch for drag queens. I examine the ways in which touch – being touched, touching others, and feelings associated with touch – is an important component of sexualised subjectivities and places. The first part of the paper reviews the recent literature called ‘haptic geographies’. I highlight why sexualised touch has, for the most part, been absent from this literature before bringing together the limited references made to touch, feelings, sexuality and place. In the second part of the paper I draw on various media, my involvement as a member of the queer community group Hamilton Pride Incorporated and in-depth interviews to examine the role of touch and feelings associated with touch for drag queens in Aotearoa New Zealand. I pay attention to the complex politics and performances of drag queens in order to highlight the co-construction of haptic geographies and sexualised subjectivities. I argue that drag queens’ bodies and spaces may be understood as sites of excess where the pleasures and pains of touch may form and break bodily and spatial boundaries associated with hetero/homo and masculine/feminine subjectivities. A focus on drag queens and touch queers our understandings of embodiment and haptic geographies further. 相似文献
460.
Betsy Hoza Charlotte Johnston David R. Pillow James C. Ascough 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》2006,11(4):215-229
Efficacious treatments for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been clearly documented in the extant literature. However, significant challenges remain in delivering these treatments to the children and families they were developed to benefit. With the aim of better understanding the obstacles that impede delivery of treatments for ADHD, this paper reviews what is known regarding predictors of treatment acceptance, adherence, and success among families of children with ADHD. We identify several gaps in this literature, including the need for a strong, theoretically-driven model that encompasses parental cognitive variables in understanding the treatment experiences of these families. 相似文献