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251.
Jacques F. Gaillard 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1994,7(2):31-63
Scientific cooperation between the Industrialized Countries (ICs) and the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) has evolved greatly
over the last three decades and has involved a number of varied mechanisms ranging from technical assistance to collaborative
research partnerships. After a brief historical review of these mechanisms and of the conceptual debates around them, this
paper considers the main programs that have been established during the last 10–15 years to promote North-South scientific
collaborative partnership. One of the main problems encountered in the implementation of collaborative research programs relate
to the asymmetry of the collaboration and the dominance of the partners in the North. While recognizing that conditions for
success may differ depending on the main objectives of the collaboration, a list of ingredients for successful collaboration
is proposed in the conclusion. This is based on the experience of the programs under review.
This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Fellow at the Center for International Science and Technology Policy,
Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University, Washington D.C. 相似文献
252.
A distance-based variety of nonlinear multivariate data analysis, including weights for objects and variables 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jacques J. F. Commandeur Patrick J. F. Groenen Jacqueline J. Meulman 《Psychometrika》1999,64(2):169-186
In the distance approach to nonlinear multivariate data analysis the focus is on the optimal representation of the relationships between the objects in the analysis. In this paper two methods are presented for including weights in distance-based nonlinear multivariate data analysis. In the first method, weights are assigned to the objects while the second method is concerned with differential weighting of groups of variables. When each analysis variable defines a group the latter method becomes a variable weighting method. For objects the weights are assumed to be given; for groups of variables they may be given, or estimated. These weighting schemes can also be combined and have several important applications. For example, they make it possible to perform efficient analyses of large data sets, to use the distance-based variety of nonlinear multivariate data analysis as an addition to loglinear analysis of multiway contingency tables, and to do stability studies of the solutions by applying the bootstrap on the objects or the variables in the analysis. These and other applications are discussed, and an efficient algorithm is proposed to minimize the corresponding loss function.This study is funded by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) by grant nr. 030-56403 for the PIONEER project Subject Oriented Multivariate Analysis to the third author. 相似文献
253.
Skills and Tacit Skills: A Psychological Perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jacques Leplat 《Psychologie appliquee》1990,39(2):143-154
La notion d'habileté a différentes significations pour le psychologue et pour le sociologue. Nous avons essayé ici de donner une définition plus précise de cette notion d'un point de vue psychologique et ainsi de fourair une meilleure analyse de la notion d'habileté implicite. Nous avons aussi indiqué comment les concepts d'habileté et de technique sont articulés. Enfin, nous avons traité quelques aspects psychologiques du problème de l'évaluation des habiletés. Nous avons indiqué comment les changements introduits par les nouvelles technologies apportent un regain d'intérêt à ces problèmes et en même temps permettent des les étudier sous un nouvel angle.
The notion of skill has different meanings for the psychologist and the sociologist. We have attempted here to give a more precise definition of this notion from a psychological point of view and thus to provide a better analysis of the notion of tacit skill. We have also indicated how the concepts of skill and technique are articulated. Finally, we have dealt with some psychological aspects of the problem of skill evaluation. We have indicated how changes introduced by new technologies provide a new interest in these problems and at the same time allow them to be studied from a new angle. 相似文献
The notion of skill has different meanings for the psychologist and the sociologist. We have attempted here to give a more precise definition of this notion from a psychological point of view and thus to provide a better analysis of the notion of tacit skill. We have also indicated how the concepts of skill and technique are articulated. Finally, we have dealt with some psychological aspects of the problem of skill evaluation. We have indicated how changes introduced by new technologies provide a new interest in these problems and at the same time allow them to be studied from a new angle. 相似文献
254.
Jacques Ruytinx 《Synthese》1955,9(1):26-41
Sans résumé 相似文献
255.
Robert Ladouceur Caroline Sylvain Hlne Letarte Isabelle Giroux Christian Jacques 《Behaviour research and therapy》1998,36(12):1111-1119
This study evaluates the efficacy of a cognitive treatment for pathological gambling. Five pathological gamblers were treated in a multiple baseline across subjects design. Cognitive correction targeted the erroneous perceptions towards the notion of randomness. Four subjects reported a clinically significant decrease in the urge to gamble, an increase in their perception of control, and no longer met the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling. Therapeutic gains were maintained at the 6 month follow-up. Results suggest that cognitive therapy targeting the misconception of the notion of randomness is a promising treatment for pathological gambling, a refractory disorder to most therapeutic interventions. 相似文献
256.
Jeffery J. Summers Jacques A. Sommer Colin A. Sharp Amanda Levey Kevin D. Murray 《Acta psychologica》1982,51(1):75-89
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the codes subserving the retention of movement extent information. Each experiment compared preselected and constrained movements in two independent movement tasks: same-limb reproduction and switched-limb reproduction. When movement direction was the same for both criterion and reproduction movements (experiment 1), same-limb reproduction was more accurate than switched-limb performance. With movement direction altered, however, switched-limb reproduction was equal to same-limb reproduction (experiment 2). These results were confirmed in experiment 3 which manipulated both movement direction and reproduction limb in a within-subject design. Furthermore, while preselected reproduction was superior to constrained reproduction in all three experiments, the two groups were not differentially affected by either the movement task or direction variables. The overall findings were interpreted as providing support for a multiple-cue memorial representation of movement extent and the notion of coding flexibility. 相似文献
257.
258.
259.
Is Group Singing Special? Health,Well‐Being and Social Bonds in Community‐Based Adult Education Classes 下载免费PDF全文
Eiluned Pearce Jacques Launay Anna Machin Robin I. M. Dunbar 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2016,26(6):518-533
Evidence demonstrates that group singing improves health and well‐being, but the precise mechanisms remain unknown. Given that cohesive social networks also positively influence health, we focus on the social aspects of singing, exploring whether improvements in health and well‐being are mediated by stronger social bonds, both to the group as a whole (collective‐bonding) and to individual classmates (relational‐bonding). To do so, seven newly formed community‐based adult education classes (four singing, N = 84, and three comparison classes studying creative writing or crafts, N = 51) were followed over seven months. Self‐report questionnaire data on mental and physical health, well‐being and social bonding were collected at Months 1, 3 and 7. We demonstrate that physical and mental health and satisfaction with life significantly improved over time in both conditions. Path analysis did not show any indirect effects via social bonding of Condition on health and well‐being. However, higher collective‐bonding at timepoint 3 significantly predicted increased flourishing, reduced anxiety and improved physical health independently of baseline levels. In contrast, relational‐bonding showed no such effects, suggesting that it is feeling part of a group that particularly yields health and well‐being benefits. Moreover, these results indicate that singing may not improve health and well‐being more than other types of activities. Nonetheless, these findings encourage further work to refine our understanding of the social aspects of community‐based adult education classes in promoting health, well‐being and community cohesion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
260.