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581.
The regression trunk approach (RTA) is an integration of regression trees and multiple linear regression analysis. In this
paper RTA is used to discover treatment covariate interactions, in the regression of one continuous variable on a treatment
variable withmultiple covariates. The performance of RTA is compared to the classical method of forward stepwise regression. The results of two
simulation studies, in which the true interactions are modeled as threshold interactions, show that RTA detects the interactions
in a higher number of cases (82.3% in the first simulation study, and 52.3% in the second) than stepwise regression (56.5%
and 20.5%). In a real data example the final RTA model has a higher cross-validated variance-accounted-for (29.8%) than the
stepwise regression model (12.5%). All of these results indicate that RTA is a promising alternative method for demonstrating
differential effectiveness of treatments.
Supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), grant 030-56403 to Jacqueline Meulman for the Pioneer
project “Subject-Oriented Multivariate Analysis,” and grant 451-02-058 to Elise Dusseldorp for the Veni project “Modeling
interaction effects as small trees in regression and classification.” We thank Bram Bakker for making the data of his doctoral
dissertation available, and David Hand, Jerome Friedman, Bart Jan van Os, Philip Spinhoven, and the anonymous reviewers for
their helpful suggestions. Special thanks are due to Lawrence Hubert. 相似文献
582.
Fletcher GJ Tither JM O'Loughlin C Friesen M Overall N 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2004,30(6):659-672
Prior research and theory suggest that people use three main sets of criteria in mate selection: warmth/trustworthiness, attractiveness/vitality, and status/resources. In two studies, men and women made mating choices between pairs of hypothetical potential partners and were forced to make trade-offs among these three criteria (e.g., warm and homely vs. cold and attractive). As predicted, women (relative to men) placed greater importance on warmth/trustworthiness and status/resources in a potential mate but less importance on attractiveness/vitality. In addition, as expected (a) ratings of ideal standards partly mediated the link between sex and mate choices, (b) ideal standards declined in importance from long-term to short-term relationships, with the exception of attractiveness/vitality, and unexpectedly, (c) sex differences were higher for long-term (compared to short-term) mate choice. Explanations and implications are discussed. 相似文献
583.
Lim J Macluran M Price M Bennett B Butow P;kConFab Psychosocial Group 《Journal of genetic counseling》2004,13(2):115-133
Forty-seven unaffected women from high-risk breast cancer families who had received results for hereditary breast/ovarian predisposition genes between 1 month and 5 years ago were interviewed regarding their experiences. Women responded to open-ended questions. The initial emotional turmoil reported by most was generally short lived. However, the impact of genetic testing went beyond the individual to the extended family and social context, particularly in the short-term. A common theme was the difficulty associated with divulging a result to family members, who were also adjusting to their own result. The majority of carriers reported advantages that were both physical (options for surveillance programs and prophylactic surgery) and emotional (reduced uncertainty, increased awareness of options and knowledge about risk, preparation time). Most carriers reported no change in lifestyle although some reported discovering their mutation status as a positive life-changing experience. Implications for genetic counseling and further research are discussed. 相似文献
584.
Factors hypothesized to affect beliefs in fantastical beings were examined by introducing children to a novel fantastical entity, the Candy Witch. Results revealed that among older preschoolers, children who were visited by the Candy Witch exhibited stronger beliefs in the Candy Witch than did those who were not. Among children who were visited, older children had stronger beliefs than did younger children. Among children who were not visited, those with a high Fantasy Orientation believed more strongly than did those with a low Fantasy Orientation. Belief remained high one year later. At both time points, the number of other fantastical beings in which a child believed was significantly related to belief in the Candy Witch. 相似文献
585.
Psychometric properties of the Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) were examined using data collected from adolescents and their parents in the Fullerton Longitudinal Study. Results revealed acceptable internal consistency for most scales and moderate to high 1-year stability for all scales. Both parents' PCRI scores correlated with their views of family climate. Cross-informant concordance was pervasive and strong between mothers' PCRI scores and adolescents' perceptions of the parent-child relationship and family climate; however, convergence was not evident between fathers' and adolescents' reports. Additionally, poor performance was observed for the Autonomy scale. In conjunction with other research on parent-adolescent relationships, concerns are raised regarding the utility of scales to contrast mother-adolescent with father-adolescent relationships. 相似文献
586.
587.
This paper presents a dramaturgical analysis of the backstage manipulations carried out by practitioners of the deviant occupation known as fortunetelling. It is generally believed that con games require a dishonest victim, although many practitioners manipulate their impressions with clients who are seeking a service rather than a profit. The group of fortunetellers included in this study are nonbelievers and hence fundamentally misrepresent themselves to their clients. Drawing upon depth interviews with 21 non‐Gypsy fortunetellers, including two key informants, six backstage routines are analyzed. Each routine in the fortuneteller's performance presents the client with a frontstage definition of the activity designed to sell more and more “psychic services.” The implications of the dramaturgical analysis of con games are discussed. 相似文献
588.
Jacqueline B. Persons Victoria Lemle Beckner Michael A. Tompkins 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2013,20(4):399-409
We describe two cases that illustrate and demonstrate the effectiveness of a case formulation–driven approach to psychotherapy in which the therapist, in collaboration with the patient, develops a hypothesis (formulation) about the psychological mechanisms that cause and maintain the patient’s difficulties, uses the formulation to guide intervention, and collects data to test the formulation and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention plan. As shown by the cases reported here, a key strength of this collaborative empirical process is that it enables the patient and therapist to quickly determine when a treatment is failing and take action to rescue it. 相似文献
589.
590.
Jacqueline S. Barnes Morgan Andrews 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(5):601-612
For adult survivors of adverse childhood experiences, primary care is the entryway to treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is estimated 25% of adult primary care patients have PTSD, and they present to their provider more often with pain and non-specific physical symptoms rather than mental health issues. Physicians, even those somewhat knowledgeable about trauma and PTSD, are unlikely to assess for it in order to avoid issues they may not have the time and/or skills to sufficiently address. This is due to PTSD treatment not being a core training competency in graduate-level education and professional training being timely and expensive. Usual care for PTSD consists of medication to manage symptoms and a referral to a mental health clinician. However, substantial disparities and patient, provider, and delivery system-level barriers means survivors are unlikely to follow-through with referrals nor receive adequate treatment when they do. In this theoretical article, we review the trials and tribulations experienced by research teams and argue what is lacking is trauma-informed care. None of the trials reviewed mentioned trauma-informed care as a component of their intervention nor as a recommendation for future studies. We also outline a host of recommendations for best practice protocols that benefit patients and the collaborative care teams meeting them where they are. Trauma-informed care deepens the focus on relational, physiological, and physical safety. Attention to soothing physiological arousal through the physician-patient-clinician triad creates more positive associations toward moving forward in treatment for survivors and providers. 相似文献