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991.
Jack A. Goncalo 《European journal of social psychology》2004,34(4):385-395
Past success often causes groups to think narrowly around strategies that have worked in the past, even when environmental change has rendered these strategies ineffective. From a psychological perspective, this research seems to indicate that past success may give rise to convergent thinking in groups. Why might successful groups be prone to convergent thinking? I argue that the relationship between past success and convergent thinking may depend on the attributions that groups generate to explain their shared success. In this paper, I focus on two distinct attributions at the group level: Individual‐focused attributions that reflect the idiosyncratic characteristics of individual group members and group‐focused attributions that reflect the emergent properties of the group as a whole. I found that group‐focused attributions for past success cause groups to generate fewer ideas that are, on average, more convergent. In contrast, individual‐focused attributions cause groups to generate more ideas that are on average more divergent. These findings suggest that the experience of success may actually stimulate divergent thinking depending on how a group chooses to explain it. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
992.
Neurofeedback is an emerging neuroscience-based clinical application, and understanding the underlying principles of neurofeedback
allows the therapist to provide referrals or treatment, and provides clients with a framework for understanding the process.
The brain's electrical patterns are a form of behavior, modifiable through “operant conditioning,” with the excessive brain
frequencies reduced, and those with a deficit are increased. The learning curve for EEG has been described (Hardt, 1975). 相似文献
993.
Jack Tsai Crystal Yun See Lee Thomas Byrne Robert H. Pietrzak Steven M. Southwick 《American journal of community psychology》2017,60(3-4):599-606
Public attitudes on homelessness can and has influenced policies and services for homeless populations. This study surveyed national public attitudes about homelessness in the 21st century and examined changes in attitudes in the past two decades. An online survey of public attitudes about homelessness was conducted with 541 U.S. adults across 47 states in November 2016 using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Survey results were compared to two public surveys conducted in 1990. Compared to previous surveys, the current sample endorsed more compassion, government support, and liberal attitudes about homelessness. The largest changes were related to increased support for homeless individuals to use public spaces for sleeping and panhandling. When asked about the demographic composition of the homeless population, the contemporary sample tended to overestimate the proportions who were young and racial/ethnic minorities, while underestimating the proportions who were married, or had mental health or substance abuse problems. Together, the findings suggest there has been an increase in compassion and liberal attitudes toward homelessness in the past two decades. Greater support for homeless individuals during an era of economic recessions and governmental homeless initiatives presents opportunities for new public health approaches to address homelessness. 相似文献
994.
995.
Jack A. Hill 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2009,12(1):3-23
This article contends that teaching more effectively for diversity requires a radical re‐envisioning of pedagogical practice. Drawing on qualitative interviews with religion and theology professors of color throughout the United States, it explores how faculty can re‐imagine their teaching by engaging students where they are, acknowledging the reality of oppression, and dealing with resistance. Stressing mindfulness of social location, it provides examples of liberating teaching activities and competences and shows how literary and visual “texts” from the margins and personal metaphors of embodiment can challenge captivities to hegemonic paradigms in the classroom. The article concludes with responses from colleagues who have worked closely with the author. Ethicist Melanie Harris brings Hill's method into dialogue with Womanist pedagogy, and historian of religion Hjamil Martínez‐Vázquez reflects on the role of suffering in building a revolutionary/critical pedagogy. 相似文献
996.
997.
The Genesis of Possible Worlds Semantics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article traces the development of possible worlds semantics through the work of: Wittgenstein, 1913–1921; Feys, 1924; McKinsey, 1945; Carnap, 1945–1947; McKinsey, Tarski and Jónsson, 1947–1952; von Wright, 1951; Becker, 1952; Prior, 1953–1954; Montague, 1955; Meredith and Prior, 1956; Geach, 1960; Smiley, 1955–1957; Kanger, 1957; Hintikka, 1957; Guillaume, 1958; Binkley, 1958; Bayart, 1958–1959; Drake, 1959–1961; Kripke, 1958–1965. 相似文献
998.
Jack Ritchie 《Synthese》2008,162(1):85-100
Structural realism is an attempt to balance the competing demands of the No Miracles Argument and the Pessimistic Meta-Induction.
In this paper I trace the development of the structuralist idea through the work of one of its leading advocates, John Worrall.
I suggest that properly thought through what the structuralist is offering or should be offering is not an account of how
to divide up a theory into two parts—structure and ontology—but (perhaps surprisingly) a certain kind of theory of meaning—semantic
holism. I explain how a version of structural realism can be developed using Davidson’s theory of meaning and some advantages
this has over the Ramsey-sentence version of structuralism. 相似文献
999.
Elizabeth I. Johnson Mathilde Husky Olivier Grondin Carolyn M. Mazure Jack Doron Joel Swendsen 《Motivation and emotion》2008,32(4):251-259
Little is known about the magnitude and duration of mood responses to daily negative events as a function of gender, history
of mood disorder, and current substance use. Using computerized ambulatory monitoring techniques, perceived negativity of
minor daily events and state affect were prospectively examined every 3 h on average for a 7-day period. Event negativity
was associated with depressed mood for 6–9 h following event occurrence, and was associated with happy mood for 3–6 h. Gender
and substance use moderated the relationship between event negativity and mood states concurrently, and remained influential
for approximately 3 h following the event. History of mood disorder did not moderate any within- or across-day relationships
between event negativity and mood. No evidence was found for mood uplifts following daily events in either within- or across-day
analyses. The findings are discussed relative to assessment timing in investigations of vulnerability-stress theories. 相似文献
1000.
Implicit motivation to control prejudice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This research examines whether spontaneous, unintentional discriminatory behavior can be moderated by an implicit (nonconscious) motivation to control prejudice. We operationalize implicit motivation to control prejudice (IMCP) in terms of an implicit negative attitude toward prejudice (NAP) and an implicit belief that oneself is prejudiced (BOP). In the present experiment, an implicit stereotypic association of Blacks (vs. Whites) with weapons was positively correlated with the tendency to “shoot” armed Black men faster than armed White men (the “Shooter Bias”) in a computer simulation. However, participants relatively high in implicit negative attitude toward prejudice showed no relation between the race-weapons stereotype and the shooter bias. Implicit belief that oneself is prejudiced had no direct effect on this relation, but the interaction of NAP and BOP did. Participants who had a strong association between self and prejudice (high BOP) but a weak association between prejudice and bad (low NAP) showed the strongest relation between the implicit race-weapons stereotype and the Shooter Bias, suggesting that these individuals freely employed their stereotypes in their behavior. 相似文献