The Utility of Race Labeling in Understanding Cultural Identity: A Conceptual Tool for the Social Science Practitioner

The social sciences still have marginal to poor outcomes with regard to research and service delivery for underserved populations. Yet, the past 20 years of development in training and service delivery have exerted pressure on us to become more competent in regard to multicultural effectiveness. Early approaches emphasized competence as a set of matched traits. Newer approaches emphasize that the professional must acquire key process competencies. This discussion examines competence in terms of the practitioner's worldview. It examines the history of how our frames of reference are influenced by secular intelligence and how the imprecision of the terms we commonly use especially limit our conceptual competence. Finally, a more precise multicultural lexicon is presented as a means of fostering critical thinking about competence in multicultural research and practice. Las ciencias socials todavía suelen producir resultados pobres con respecto a la investigación y la asistencia a poblaciones desfavorecidas. No obstante, los últimos veinte años de desarollo de investigación y asistencia apresuran las ciencias sociales para que se hagan más competentes con respecto a la eficacia profesional. Los primeros enfoques pusieron más énfasis en la competencia como un conjunto de cualidades. Los modernos enfoques ponen el énfasis en que el profesional tiene que adquirir habilidades clave del proceso. Este discurso examina la competencia con respecto a la visión universal del profesional. Examina la historia de cómo son influenciados nuestros marcos de referencia por información anticuada y cómo la imprecisión de los términos que usamos diariamente limitan nuestra competencia conceptual. Por último, se presenta un léxico multicultural más preciso como una manera de mejorar el pensamiento crítico sobre competencia en el terreno de la investigación y la práctica multicultural.     

Strategies for Counseling Infertile Couples

Approximately one in six couples experience problems with their fertility in terms of conceiving and/or carrying a viable pregnancy to term. The infertile couple's need for counseling and support has been emphasized consistently in the literature. This article presents specific intervention strategies that may serve to reinforce the infertility experience as an opportunity for personal and marital growth.     

WITTGENSTEIN'S LATER PICTURE "THEORY" OF MEANING

Recently, commentators such as Kenny and Hacker have disagreed about whether Wittgenstein's early picture theory of meaning is at all compatible with his later theory of "meaning-as-use". Arguing in favor of their compatibility, Kenny finds that meaning-as-use supplements, rather than rivals the earlier conception of meaning:     

The adult attachment interview and the relationship questionnaire: Relations to reports of mothers and partners

The study asked the following questions: How do interview and self-report assessments of attachment status correspond? What is the relation between attachment status assessed by these methods to self-reports of relationships with mothers and partners? Participants were 53 married white women assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), and a variety of questionnaires assessing love, trust, and closeness in relationships with mothers and partners. Results indicated a trend toward a relation between AAI and RQ classifications: 81% of women classified as Secure with the AAI identified themselves as Secure with the RQ, but only 42% of AAI-Insecure women identified themselves as Insecure with the RQ. Secure and Insecure AAI groups did not differ in their reports of mothers or partners, whereas Secure and Insecure RQ groups did. Results indicated classifications derived from the measures are not equivalent.     

Authorship,Co‐Authorship,and Multiple Authorship

In this article, I use the example of the novel Micro, authored by Michael Crichton and Richard Preston, to tease out the relationships between an author and his work and with other authors of that work. The case presents a complication for a number of contemporary views on authorship and co‐authorship, which suggest that Crichton is either not an author of the novel or an author but not a co‐author—both, I suggest, are counterintuitive views. After working through the leading views on the topic, I present my own view of authorship, co‐authorship, and multiple authorship, centrally resting on issues of power, responsibility, and creation.