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171.
Harald Hannerz Karen Albertsen Martin Lindhardt Nielsen Finn Tuchsen Hermann Burr 《Health psychology》2004,23(3):283-288
This study explored whether factors related to the work environment could predict changes in body mass index (BMI) and whether the effect of psychosocial factors was dependent on baseline BMI. The sample consisted of 1,980 male employees from the Danish National Work Environment Cohort Study. Changes in BMI between 1995 and 2000 were analyzed, by multiple regression, as a function of background variables and a series of occupational variables obtained in 1995. Age, baseline BMI, job insecurity, and psychological demands predicted changes in BMI. Job insecurity and high or low psychological demands increased the likelihood of weight gain among obese employees, whereas they increased the likelihood of weight loss among employees with a low BMI. 相似文献
172.
173.
Subjective Well-Being of Beijing Taxi Drivers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigates subjective well-being among a sample of Beijing taxi drivers in the lead up to the 2008 Beijing Olympic
Games using the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). The specific aims of this study are (a) investigate the psychometric properties
of the PWI in this unique population; (b) ascertain whether Beijing taxi drivers are satisfied with their lives; and (c) examine
whether the responses to the PWI from participants falls within the narrow range predicted by the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing
Homeostasis’. The PWI demonstrated good psychometric properties and was consistent with previous studies for Western and non-Western
samples. The data revealed a moderate level of subjective well-being (PWI score = 61.1). While Beijing taxi drivers work long
hours for low wages, the PWI was nonetheless within the normative range predicted for Chinese societies by the ‘Theory of
Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’. The results suggest that the homeostatic mechanism is fairly resilient, even when the individual
leads relatively a hard life based on objective indicators. Specifically, for Beijing taxi drivers, it appears that external,
buffers such as personal relationships and feeling part of the community, act to assist the homeostatic system. 相似文献
174.
Jens Bo Nielsen Maria Willerslev-Olsen Lasse Christiansen Jesper Lundbye-Jensen Jakob Lorentzen 《Journal of motor behavior》2015,47(1):7-17
ABSTRACTNeuroscience has fundamentally changed the understanding of learning and memory within recent years. Here, the authors discuss a number of specific areas where they believe new understanding of the CNS from basic science is having a fundamental impact on neurorehabilitation and is leading to new therapeutic approaches. These areas have constituted a basis for development of some basic principles for neurorehabilitation: Optimal rehabilitation should involve (a) active (patient) participation in the training, (b) training that does not only involve many repetitions, but also continues to challenge the skill of the training person, (c) motivation and reward, (d) intensive training and practice over a long time, (e) careful organization of the training in relation to other activities, and (f) incorporation of other potentially beneficial parameters such as sleep and diet. It should in this relation also be pointed out that albeit neurorehabilitation may be predicted to have the most optimal effect early in life and as soon after injury as possible, there is no reason to believe that beneficial effects of training may not be obtained late in life or several years after injury. 相似文献
175.
The present study examined narrative identity and subjective well-being in outpatients with remitted bipolar disorder (BD) and a healthy control group. Fifteen female outpatients with remitted BD and 15 healthy control participants identified past and future chapters in their life stories, gave their age for the beginning and end of each chapter, rated emotional tone as well as positive and negative self-event connections associated with the chapters, and for future chapters rated the probability of the chapter. The BD patients reported less positive emotional tone and self-event connections for past chapters, but not for future chapters. However, the patients did describe fewer future chapters with shorter temporal projection into the future, and reported lower probability of future chapters. These characteristics of chapters were related to lower subjective well-being. The study suggests that a more negative narrative identity with a foreshortened future perspective may contribute to lower subjective well-being in patients with BD. 相似文献
176.
Turnover and retention of integrated behavioral health practitioners in primary care is a significant challenge with limited empirical evidence to inform risk factors. This study used retrospective archival data from the Air Force Medical Service’s Behavioral Health Optimization Program on all civilian contractors hired from September 2012 to November 2014 to examine the potential influence of training background (e.g., social work v. psychology), size of healthcare facility, or the presence of on-site mentors. Turnover was evaluated across a large managed healthcare organization of 121 civilian contractors (psychologists and social workers) in 72 specific clinic settings. These sites varied considerably in regards to geographic location, population diversity, size of patient empanelment, rural, suburban, and urban settings and all provided care to active duty military, their civilian dependents and civilian retirees. Results found that 54% of all psychologists and social workers hired for these positions quit or were fired within 8 months of employment. Smaller medical facilities were found to have a more significant attrition rate compared to medium- and large-sized facilities; no other differences were noted. Findings provide initial insight into a potential critical period in the first year of a behavioral health consultants on-boarding, as well as unique considerations for consultants placed in smaller facilities who may be at elevated risk for attrition. These preliminary findings suggest targeted interventions for new integrated care programs as well as important avenues for future research. 相似文献
177.
Res Publica - The work of prominent analytical Marxist G. A. Cohen provides a vision of socialism which has distributive justice and community at its core. While Cohen's view of distributive... 相似文献
178.
Historically, feminists have engaged in a contentious debate about the dildo. Some assert that it is an oppressive tool of the patriarchy whereas others proclaim that it is a practical means of expressing lesbian, bisexual, and queer women’s sexuality. To gain some perspective into the current status of this debate, seven non-heterosexual women were interviewed about their attitudes toward dildos. Interviews were examined using inductive thematic analysis, and viewed through the lens of social constructionism. Rather than taking sides in the dildo debates, participants embraced a you do you ideology (i.e., there is no “right” or “wrong” answer when it comes to choosing whether to use or not use dildos). Three themes clustered around this overarching ideology: dildos are optional (à la carte dildo), meanings of dildos are contextually and phenomenologically determined (contextuality of the dildo), and dildos have theoretical implications (critically conscious queers). Participants’ eschewal of the binarized debate about the dildo may be entwined with changing understandings of feminist, gender, and queer theory. 相似文献
179.
This work describes the nano field in Norway as currently emerging in the dynamics between two forms of nano research activities
described along a centre-periphery axis. 1) There are strategic research initiatives committed to redeem the envisioned potential
of the field by means of social and material reorganisation of existing research activities. This activity is seen as central
as it is one of our premises that the standard circulating nano vision implies such a work of reorganisation. The fact that
nano is often taken as a paradigmatic example of the shift from Mode-1 to Mode-2 research, supports this assumption. 2) In
parallel to this activity, a wide variety of research projects pursuing nano strategies are being funded. We regard such research
activity as peripheral in so far as the activity is not marked by being committed to the circulating nano vision, as may often
be the case. In the process of reorganising, this article argues, the research activity at the periphery provides a crucial
arena for discussing and validating what is to be achieved through the work of reorganisation that takes place at the centre.
Our analysis is informed by two Norwegian cases. We examine a major nano research initiative at a Norwegian university as
a centre and a research project utilising nanoparticles in fish vaccines as a periphery. 相似文献
180.
Much of humans’ success rests on foresight, the ability to predict what will happen or what is needed in the future. Surprisingly little is known about how this faculty develops. In three experiments (N = 170), 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children were presented with simple puzzles. Fifteen minutes later in a different room they were given the opportunity to secure a solution to take back to the puzzle. Only the older children performed above chance, whereas both age groups could solve the task in an instant condition. The same pattern of results emerged for another task involving selection of something to ‘feed ’ a puppet whose favorite food was initially unavailable. Control conditions suggest that temporal rather than spatial displacement influenced performance. Verbal reports substantiated the conclusion that by age 4 some children can remember a novel problem sufficiently enough to recognize a solution and select that solution in anticipation of applying it to the problem in the future. 相似文献