An Inservice Training Model for Bureau of Employment Security Personnel

This article describes the academic content and evaluation of an inservice training model for Bureau of Employment Security interviewers and counselors. Preliminary data suggests that a workshop organized according to established features of systems analysis is personally and professionally helpful to most participants. Although the model appears to operate at a high level of productivity, new improvements are planned.     

Counseling centers and the issue of accountability

The authors discuss responses that college and university counseling centers have made to the budgetary attacks now occurring. They stress the importance of accountability and suggest types of data that counseling center personnel might use in developing effective justifications for the expenditure of funds on the services that they provide.     

Natural Sounds and Musical Sounds: A Dual Distinction

In this article I consider the relationship between natural sounds and music. I evaluate two prominent accounts of this relationship. These accounts satisfy an important condition, the difference condition: musical sounds are different from natural sounds. However, they fail to meet an equally important condition, the interaction condition: musical sounds and natural sounds can interact in aesthetically important ways to create unified aesthetic objects. I then propose an alternative account of the relationship between natural sounds and music that meets both conditions. I argue that natural sounds are distinct from music in that they express a kind of alterity or “otherness,” which occurs in two ways. It occurs referentially, because the sources of natural sounds are natural objects rather than artifactual objects, such as instruments; it also occurs acoustically, because natural sounds tend to contain more microtones than macrotones. On my account, the distinction between music and natural sounds is both conventional and vague; it therefore allows music and natural sounds to come together.