“死”或关于人的本质问题——读德里达最后的讲座

<正>一德里达2001年到2003年所开的课程《兽性与主权》(The beast and the sovereign)①,有厚厚的两卷,其中第二卷的大部分探讨与死有关的哲学——死亡哲学。开篇以思考一个深渊句子开始:我孤独地与你在一起(奥古斯丁这样的宗教思想家在《忏悔录》里使用你,意味与作为绝对他者的神对话)。人与世界是一种孤独的关系。德里达延续着他独特而怪异的哲学思考方式,他将17     

认知行为疗法在儿童社会退缩行为干预中的新进展

社会退缩行为指儿童在社会情境中抑制自己参与同伴互动并表现出独处的行为。社会退缩阻碍儿童形成良好的社交能力,影响其人格和认知的健康发展,因而对儿童社会退缩行为进行及时干预显得十分重要。研究对认知行为疗法在儿童社会退缩行为干预中的进展进行了整合,包括虚拟现实暴露疗法、学校情境下的认知行为治疗及网络认知行为治疗。未来研究应设计针对社会退缩行为不同亚类型的干预方案,以及在干预中重视情绪调节的训练和教师的介入。     

A Bayesian analysis of debunking arguments in ethics

Philosophical Studies - Debunking arguments in ethics contend that our moral beliefs have dubious evolutionary, cultural, or psychological origins—hence concluding that we should doubt such...     

Latent variable selection in multidimensional item response theory models using the expectation model selection algorithm

The aim of latent variable selection in multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) models is to identify latent traits probed by test items of a multidimensional test. In this paper the expectation model selection (EMS) algorithm proposed by Jiang et al. (2015) is applied to minimize the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for latent variable selection in MIRT models with a known number of latent traits. Under mild assumptions, we prove the numerical convergence of the EMS algorithm for model selection by minimizing the BIC of observed data in the presence of missing data. For the identification of MIRT models, we assume that the variances of all latent traits are unity and each latent trait has an item that is only related to it. Under this identifiability assumption, the convergence of the EMS algorithm for latent variable selection in the multidimensional two-parameter logistic (M2PL) models can be verified. We give an efficient implementation of the EMS for the M2PL models. Simulation studies show that the EMS outperforms the EM-based L₁ regularization in terms of correctly selected latent variables and computation time. The EMS algorithm is applied to a real data set related to the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.     

Personality Traits and Political Participation: Evidence from South Korea

Using a nationally representative survey fielded in 2009, we analyze the relationships between personality traits and various modes of political participation in South Korea. We find statistically significant relationships between personality (measured by the Five‐Factor Model) and several nonelectoral modes of participation. Openness correlates positively with protest participation, rally attendance, financial contributions to political causes, news media contacts, and political activities via the Internet. Agreeableness correlates negatively with these five participation modes as well as petition signing. Conscientiousness is positively associated with individual political acts (e.g., contacting news media and elected officials and donation), while it is negatively associated with collective actions such as participation in rally. However, we do not find any significant relationship between personality and voter turnout. Reflecting an unusually conflictual political climate of South Korea in 2008, we discuss these findings' implications focusing on the personality‐situation interactions.     

Emotional/Behavioral Problems and Functional Impairment in Clinic- and Community-Based Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Taiwan

Using a sample of 268 patients and 137 community-based children with DSM-IV ADHD, and 268 school controls, aged 6–15, this study aimed to compare the emotional/behavioral problems and functional impairment between clinic- and community-based children with ADHD. Children’s ADHD-related symptoms, a wide range of emotional/behavioral problems, and functional impairments were assessed by the psychiatric interviews and self-, parent- and teacher-reported questionnaires. Both ADHD groups scored higher in parent- and teacher-reported ADHD-related symptoms, wide-ranging emotional/behavioral problems, and impairments in the school, peer, family, and leisure time domains than school controls. However, clinic-based children with ADHD had more physical/developmental problems, more severe functional impairments and teacher-reported hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, and higher family burdens than their community counterparts. Our findings suggest that a higher maternal educational level, parent’s perceived child functional impairment, teacher’s perceived impaired peer relationship and hyperactivity-impulsivity, and child physical and developmental problems may be related to the psychiatric referrals of children with ADHD.     

头部朝向在社会性注意转移中的作用

注视指向是非常重要的社会性注意线索,但是在日常情境中,注视指向往往伴随着头部朝向信息,而且两者都包含空间指向信息.已有研究发现头部朝向会影响注视指向知觉的速度和准确性,为注视指向提供参照系,进而会影响注视指向诱发的社会性注意.头部朝向和注视指向加工的神经机制也存在着广泛的重合.因此,除眼睛注视以外,头部朝向也是建构和完善基于心理模型的社会性注意机制的一个关键因素.未来的研究应关注头部朝向与眼睛注视指向共同影响注意转移的作用机制,并且从功能整合的角度开展神经机制研究.     

法国著名哲学家雅克·德里达逝世

法国哲学家德里达逝世了.在得知这一消息后,正在中国访问的法国总统希拉克向媒体表示:德里达是当代法国最重要的哲学家之一,他的思想深刻影响了法国今天的知识界.     

哲学化了的后现代艺术"形状"--读杰夫丝的《画不出的空间:叙述的终结》

我在<哲学研究>上曾经发表<智慧的形状>一文,一些同行看到标题感到惊讶,至少是不解.但是,那个题目的发明权不在我,是德勒兹在<什么是哲学>里讨论了概念的"形状"问题,这是一种看不见的形状.德勒兹试图彻底扭转哲学研究方向,使之走上"后现代"的轨道.他的这些想法与福柯和德里达相类似,特别在美国文学艺术界找到了更多的知音.杰夫丝(J·M·Jeffers)的新书<画不出的空间:叙述的终结>,讨论了当代西方艺术的哲学化倾向,所述理论,具有强烈的德勒兹色彩,具有跨学科、多角度的特征,流露的信息颇多,非常值得关注.