Enhanced perceptual priming for neutral stimuli in a traumatic context: A pathway to intrusive memories?

Clinical observations suggest that re-experiencing symptoms are triggered by stimuli that are perceptually similar to those present shortly before the trauma or its worst moments. Two experiments investigated the possible role of perceptual priming in this phenomenon. Volunteers (N = 28, N = 62) watched a series of “traumatic” and neutral picture stories, and completed blurred object identification (priming) and recognition memory tasks. Neutral objects that immediately preceded the “traumatic” stories were more strongly primed, but not better recognised, than objects from neutral stories. Enhanced priming predicted subsequent re-experiencing symptoms. The results support the role of perceptual priming in re-experiencing.     

Professional Ethical Issues and the Development of Professional Ethical Standards in Counseling and Clinical Psychology in China

This article aims to summarize the current ethical issues in the field of clinical and counseling psychology and the process of developing professional ethical standards in China. First, through a review of the history of counseling and psychotherapy in China, general background information is provided. Important ethical issues are then discussed based on the results from several empirical studies. Finally, the process of developing the new edition of the Chinese Psychological Society Code of Ethics for Clinical and Counseling Psychology, the main contents as well as the considerations taken into account in the development of this code are presented.     

Outcome favorability as a boundary condition to voice effect on people's reactions to public policymaking

Regarding people's reactions to public policymaking, an organizational justice framework has been introduced. Although these studies showed a link between fairness perceptions and attitudes toward public policy and authority, results concerning more behavioral consequences and the moderation of outcome favorability are less clear. The present research explored the voice effect on people's reactions to public policymaking, as well as outcome favorability as a boundary condition to it. Two different settings and use of different designs (a scenario and an experiment) yielded convergent results that people's reactions to public policymaking were more favorable when they had voice than they did not and outcome favorability moderated the voice effect. More precisely, the voice effect was stronger when the outcome was unfavorable than favorable.     

Parental,Peer, and Teacher Influences on the Social Behavior of Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents

Intensive interviews and self-report questionnaires were used to investigate parental, peer, and teacher influences on the prosocial and antisocial behaviors of Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. Students came from 5 academically different high schools. Results indicated that perceived parental influence was positively associated with frequency of prosocial behavior and negatively associated with frequency of delinquent behavior. Students with good relationships with their parents and peers showed lower frequencies of antisocial behaviors than did students with bad relationships. Adolescents in different identity statuses (achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, diffusion; E. H. Erikson, 1968) showed different patterns of prosocial and antisocial behaviors. For example, adolescents in the identity achievement group exhibited high frequencies of prosocial behaviors and low frequencies of antisocial behaviors, but those in the identity moratorium group exhibited quite high frequencies of both prosocial and antisocial behaviors.     

The Relation of Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior to Personality and Peer Relationships of Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents

The prosocial and antisocial behaviors of 2,862 Hong Kong Chinese adolescents were investigated. The major findings were as follows: (a) boys were more antisocial than girls; (b) negative peer influences were significantly stronger in boys than in girls, whereas positive peer influences were significantly stronger in girls than in boys; (c) antisocial adolescents tended to perceive their best friend as antisocial and exerting more negative influences on them, whereas prosocial adolescents tended to perceive their best friend as prosocial and exerting more positive influences on them; (d) antisocial behavior was positively associated with psychoticism and neuroticism; and (e) academic achievement tended to have a positive relation with prosocial behavior and a negative relation with antisocial behavior.     

辩证思维与辩证情绪的因果关系探究

辩证情绪是指个体对同一刺激同时体验到积极和消极情绪的一种心理状态.为探索辩证思维和辩证情绪的因果关系,在研究1中首先收集和筛选了诱发辩证情绪的视频;在研究2中,选取219个被试,先通过思维启动改变被试的辩证思维程度,然后考察辩证思维程度的改变对随后诱发辩证情绪强度的影响.结果发现,思维启动(辩证思维和线性思维)引起的辩证思维程度的差异显著,辩证情绪诱发效果显著,辩证思维在启动类型和辩证情绪之间的中介作用显著.这揭示了辩证思维程度的改变确实引起随后诱发的辩证情绪强度的变化,即辩证思维和辩证情绪存在因果关系.     

Relative effects of reduced weight and increased physical activity on hemoglobin A1c: Suggestions for behavioral treatments

Behavioral treatments for diabetes have often been unsuccessful and may benefit from a better understanding of the relative effects of two common treatment foci – decreased weight and increased volume of physical activity – on blood glucose. Overweight and obese adults (N = 59; M_age = 60 years) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values consistent with diabetes participated in a 6-month community-based behavioral treatment based on tenets of self-efficacy theory and social cognitive theory. The treatment was associated with significantly increased physical activity, reduced body mass index (BMI), and reduced HbA1c levels (ps < .001). Changes in BMI and physical activity accounted for a significant portion of the variance in change in HbA1c, R² = .13, p = .023. Change in volume of physical activity, β = ?.36, p = .007, but not change in BMI, β = ?.03, p = .792, significantly contributed to the variance in HbA1c change that was accounted for. There was no effect based on the sex of participants. Discussion focused on how findings might impact the efficacy, efficiency, and application of behavioral treatments for diabetes management.     

创伤后成长的促进因素、模型及干预

创伤后成长(Post-traumatic Growth, PTG)是指人们在经历了严重的压力性生活事件或创伤性事件后, 由于对抗压力所引起心理的积极变化。本研究对国外创伤后成长进行归纳概括, 论述了促进创伤后成长的影响因素, 如人格特质、社会支持、益处寻求和意义建构。此外, 归纳了基于不同视角的PTG模型, 提出了促进PTG的干预策略, 针对PTG实证研究中某些相关变量的测量问题提出改进意见。未来应着重于开展具备多个评估点的纵向研究, 建构适用于不同人群的PTG理论模型。     

行为自主决策、亲子亲合与个体主观幸福感的关系:留守与非留守青少年的比较

以374名农村青少年为被试,基于留守青少年和非留守青少年的比较,探讨了个体行为自主决策、亲子亲合与主观幸福感之间的关系,并检验了亲子亲合与性别的调节作用。结果表明：（1）行为自主决策能够显著正向预测农村留守和非留守青少年的生活满意度;父子亲合和母子亲合能显著正向预测两类青少年的积极情绪和生活满意度,负向预测其消极情绪。（2）对于非留守青少年,行为自主决策与母子亲合对主观幸福感的预测作用存在性别差异：行为自主决策仅能够显著正向预测非留守男生的积极情绪和生活满意度,母子亲合则显著负向预测非留守女生的消极情绪;但是,这种性别差异不存在于留守青少年之中。（3）对于非留守青少年,母子亲合在其行为自主决策与生活满意度之间关系中的调节作用显著：低母子亲合水平下,行为自主决策能够显著正向预测其生活满意度;高母子亲合水平下,行为自主决策与其生活满意度之间不存在关联。     

文化智力对少数民族预科生主观幸福感的影响:主流文化认同和自尊的链式中介作用

本研究基于文化智力理论与社会认同理论探讨了主流文化认同、自尊在文化智力与主观幸福感关系中的链式中介作用。研究采用文化智力量表、主流文化认同量表、自尊量表和幸福感指数量表对648名少数民族预科生进行调查。结果显示:(1)自尊是文化智力与少数民族预科生主观幸福感之间的中介变量;(2)主流文化认同是文化智力与少数民族预科生自尊的中介变量,因此,主流文化认同和自尊在文化智力与少数民族预科生主观幸福感之间起链式中介作用,这表明主流文化认同和自尊是影响文化智力与少数民族预科生主观幸福感之间关系的重要内因,研究结论对提高少数民族预科生主观幸福感具有重要的价值。