国外心理契约破坏及结果变量与调节变量：述评与展望

心理契约破坏是个体对组织未能履行其在心理契约中应承担责任的认知评价。文章首先结合以往研究探讨了心理契约破坏与相应结果变量的关系,然后探讨了调节变量的作用,最后从被试群体、研究方法及理论模型的构建上对未来研究进行了展望。     

眼跳任务中的偏心距效应

采用完全被试内设计,控制了眼跳任务类型(朝向眼跳、反向眼跳)和目标偏心距水平,考察了大学生在两种眼跳任务中的偏心距效应,即目标刺激相对于屏幕中心的距离对于眼跳过程的影响.研究结果发现:(1)反向眼跳任务中的首次眼跳方向错误率显著高于朝向眼跳,眼跳潜伏期也显著较长.(2)在朝向和反向眼跳过程中,都出现了目标的偏心距效应,即随着目标偏心距的增大,眼跳潜伏期缩短,眼跳落点视角增大.     

Author Index • Volume 119 • 2004

Authors Index

Author Index Volume 119 2004     

Relations among measures of trait empathy, empathetic response, and willingness to get involved in customer-contact situations

This study examined anticipated reactions to nonroutine occurrences in the context of emotionally laden customer-contact situations in retail stores. Correlations between measures of the dimensions of trait empathy, anticipated emotional responses to the situations, and self-rated willingness to be involved were examined. Anticipated Compassion mediated the relation of Empathetic Concern on Involvement Willingness in 3 of 4 imaginary compassion-evoking situations. No corresponding effect was observed for Anticipated Distress in the imaginary distress-evoking situations.     

Locating volition

In this paper, it is examined how neuroscience can help to understand the nature of volition by addressing the question whether volitions can be localized in the brain. Volitions, as acts of the will, are special mental events or activities by which an agent consciously and actively exercises her agency to voluntarily direct her thoughts and actions. If we can pinpoint when and where volitional events or activities occur in the brain and find out their neural underpinnings, this can substantively aid to demystify the concept of volition. After first discussing some methodological issues regarding whether it is possible to locate volition in the brain, various approaches by which neuroscientists and psychologists explore the neural correlates and substrates of volition are examined. Although different psychological conceptualizations of volition shape different perspectives toward understanding the functions of volition, the explorations of the neural basis of volition converge on certain common brain areas and structures. A unifying conception of volition that helps to make better sense of recent empirical findings is then suggested.     

Culture-specific patterns in the prediction of life satisfaction: roles of emotion, relationship quality, and self-esteem

This study was conducted to explore the culture-specific roles of emotion, relationship quality, and self-esteem in determining life satisfaction. It was hypothesized that maintaining good interpersonal relationships would make individuals in collectivistic cultures not only feel good about their lives but also feel better about themselves. Furthermore, two emotion variables--emotional expression and emotion differentiation--were proposed as possible determinants of relationship quality. It was hypothesized that emotional expressiveness would be more important for maintaining good interpersonal relationships in individualistic societies but emotion differentiation would be more important in collectivistic cultures. These hypotheses were tested with Euro-American, Asian American, Korean, and Chinese groups using multigroup analyses in a structural equation model. Results supported all proposed hypotheses and indicated that emotion differentiation contributes to maintaining good interpersonal relationships in collectivistic cultures, which contributes to self-esteem and satisfaction with life.     

元音和复合声识别中噪声分离机制的实验研究

该文用配对比较方法,从夫调谐波的数量对谐波筛的影响（实验一）、失调谐波的位置（实验二）以及谐波相位与其失调幅度之间的相互作用（实验三）等三个方面对失调谐波的分离机制进行探讨。研究结果表明：（1）多个谐波同时失调时其失调效应要比单个谐波强,即谐波失调存在累积效应;（2）谐波次数不同,其失调效应也存在差异,这种差异与谐波和共振峰之间的距离有关,谐波越靠近共振峰,其失调效应越明显,但对由等振幅的谐波系列构成的复合声而言,高次谐波的失调效应比低次谐波弱;（3）谐波相位对其失调效应产生间接影响,这种影响与谐波的起始振幅有关,当相位为π／2和3π／2时,失调效应更加明显。     

西安市小学生中独生与非独生子女个性品质的比较研究

本文研究了西安城区１０所小学７８７名独生与非独生子女个性品质方面的情况。我们设计了有１８个行为项目的教师问卷（每项按五等评分）及家长问卷;对结果进行了因素分析,据所聚类的项目内容,将所得四个因素命名为人际关系、自我中心、学习动力和独立性,进行多变量的变异数分析结果表明,独生子女的自我中心和学习动力比非独生子女强烈;而独立性却比非独生子女差．这说明独生子女在个性品质方面既有缺点,也有优点,不能说得一无是处;关键在于正确的教育思想和方法。     

4—9岁儿童逻辑推理能力的研究——对J.Piaget某些实验的验证

本文是对皮亚杰“物体守恒”实验的验证。从而探讨了4—9岁儿童在形成守恒概念中的逻辑思惟发展过程,为编制智力测验量表提供了有关参考数据。     

不同月龄小鼠行为训练与脑突触蛋白的相关性研究

不同年龄动物在各种行为实验中表现出学习记忆能力不同。一般地说,动物进入中年期以后,记忆保持力(retention)随年龄增长而下降。有关衰老性记忆障碍与脑内神经细胞变化的相关性已有大量观察记载,但中、幼年阶段的记忆力差异及其脑内突触机制