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381.
为探讨父母教育卷入、创造性自我效能感、掌握目标和批判性思维的关系及作用机制,采用创造性自我效能感问卷、父母教育卷入问卷、掌握目标问卷、批判性思维倾向问卷对802名中学生进行调查。结果表明:(1)父母教育卷入对中学生创造性自我效能感具有直接预测作用;(2)掌握目标在父母教育卷入与中学生创造性自我效能感的关系间起中介作用;(3)批判性思维在父母教育卷入与中学生创造性自我效能感的关系间起中介作用;(4)掌握目标和批判性思维在父母教育卷入对中学生创造性自我效能感的影响中起链式中介作用。  相似文献   
382.
贾磊  罗俊龙  肖宵  张庆林 《心理科学进展》2010,18(12):1909-1918
刻板印象是大脑对社会信息的一种自动的类别化加工过程。近期脑成像的研究表明, 刻板印象的注意编码、语义表征以及抑制控制等认知成分可以分别通过相应的ERP成分表现出来; 而基于ERP源定位以及fMRI的研究表明, 杏仁核、前扣带回、大脑前额皮层以及外侧顶叶皮层附近的颞顶联结区可能参与到了它们的认知加工。最后结合已有的研究, 提出了刻板印象可能的认知通道, 并简要分析了当前研究的不足与今后的发展方向。  相似文献   
383.
    
This study has two goals. First, we present much‐needed empirical linguistic data and systematic analyses on the spatial semantic systems in English and Korean, two languages that have been extensively compared to date in the debate on spatial language and spatial cognition. We conduct our linguistic investigation comprehensively, encompassing the domains of tight‐ and loose‐fit as well as containment and support relations. The current analysis reveals both cross‐linguistic commonalities and differences: From a common set of spatial features, each language highlights a subset of those features for its principal categorization, and those primary features are importantly different between English and Korean: English speakers categorize events predominantly by containment and support relations (and do so with prepositions), whereas Korean speakers categorize them by tight‐fit and loose‐fit relations (and do so with verbs), with a further distinction of containment and support within the loose‐fit relation. The analysis also shows that the tight‐fit domain is more cross‐linguistically diverse in categorization than is the loose‐fit domain. Second, we test the language data against the nonlinguistic categorization results reported in Choi and Hattrup (2012). The results show a remarkable degree of convergence between the patterns predicted from the current linguistic analysis and those found in C&H's nonlinguistic study and thus provide empirical and strong evidence for an influence of language on nonlinguistic spatial cognition. At the same time, the study reveals areas where the two systems closely interact with each other as well as those where one is independent from the other. Taking both parts of the study together, we identify the specific roles that language and spatial perception/cognition play in spatial categorization.  相似文献   
384.
    
Public attitudes on homelessness can and has influenced policies and services for homeless populations. This study surveyed national public attitudes about homelessness in the 21st century and examined changes in attitudes in the past two decades. An online survey of public attitudes about homelessness was conducted with 541 U.S. adults across 47 states in November 2016 using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Survey results were compared to two public surveys conducted in 1990. Compared to previous surveys, the current sample endorsed more compassion, government support, and liberal attitudes about homelessness. The largest changes were related to increased support for homeless individuals to use public spaces for sleeping and panhandling. When asked about the demographic composition of the homeless population, the contemporary sample tended to overestimate the proportions who were young and racial/ethnic minorities, while underestimating the proportions who were married, or had mental health or substance abuse problems. Together, the findings suggest there has been an increase in compassion and liberal attitudes toward homelessness in the past two decades. Greater support for homeless individuals during an era of economic recessions and governmental homeless initiatives presents opportunities for new public health approaches to address homelessness.  相似文献   
385.
    
The present study aims to explore the effects of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism on emotion dysregulation and examine the mediating role of self‐esteem on these associations. Undergraduates (N = 426) completed self‐report measurements on grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism, self‐esteem and emotion dysregulation. Correlation analyses indicated that grandiose narcissism was negatively correlated with emotion dysregulation, while vulnerable narcissism was positively correlated with emotion dysregulation. Moreover, mediational analyses revealed that self‐esteem fully mediated the association between grandiose narcissism and emotion dysregulation, and partially mediated the association between vulnerable narcissism and emotion dysregulation. The present study highlights the importance of self‐esteem and deepens the understanding of the associations between the two forms of narcissism and emotion dysregulation.  相似文献   
386.
婴幼儿消极行为特征与影响母亲抚养困难的因素   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
董奇  夏勇  王耘  方晓义 《心理学报》1996,29(3):260-267
以572名1-6岁儿童的母亲为研究对象,探讨了婴幼儿消极行为特征在各年龄组的分布、与母亲抚养困难的关系,并考察了在儿童消极行为较多情况下,与母亲抚养困难有关联的若干因素。结果表明;1.儿童消极行为特征的分布在各年龄组水平上是相似的。2.儿童的消极行为特征与母亲的抚养困难有显著的正相关。3.在儿童消极行为较多的情况下,母亲的职业、文化程度、生产年龄、婚姻关系及获得社会支持的程度等因素与母亲抚养困难有密切的关系。  相似文献   
387.
以1~9除5外的阿拉伯数字和汉字标签“左”“右”为实验材料,采用数字奇偶判断任务,探讨任务指令对数字-空间联结编码的影响。结果发现:言语任务指令条件下,词语一致性与物理一致性的交互作用显著,且词语一致和不一致时均未发现空间-数字联合反应编码效应(SNARC),表明言语-空间编码在数字-空间联结中更有优势;空间任务指令条件下,物理一致性主效应显著,且词语一致和不一致时均出现了SNARC效应,表明视觉空间编码更有优势。说明数字-空间联结编码受实验任务指令的影响,被试会根据任务指令设置的情景选择视觉空间编码或言语-空间编码对数字进行空间联结。  相似文献   
388.
李云  岳文浩 《心理学报》1993,26(3):62-68
以年龄在55—79岁的正常人(男40人,女34人,平均年龄64.34±5.67岁)为被试,做视觉诱发电位(VEP),并测试韦氏智力测验的11项分值及智力商数、临床记忆测验的5项分测验及记忆商数、测量血压和头颅CT的脑萎缩程度,根据眼底动脉硬化表现和神经体征确定脑动脉硬化的程度.将上述资料数字化输入计算机进行多因素逐步回归分析。结果表明,智力和记忆力分别与视觉诱发电位的某些指标变量有关,与脑动脉硬化程度有关,与收缩压相关性较大,与舒张压相关性不大,与生理性脑萎缩程度关系不大。还探讨了推测老年人智力和记忆力的计算公式。  相似文献   
389.
长期以来,人们总是将改造自然界的实践活动理解为满足人的生存需要的手段,在马克思以前从来没有人将改造自然界的实践活动视为一种先行开启世界存在和人存在的本体论的目的性活动。正是对改造自然界实践活动的这一重大误读,导致了现代性的实践活动给自然界带来巨大破坏和对人的存在的严重扭曲。因此,正本清源,还改造自然界实践活动的本来面目,成为摆在理论工作者面前一项迫在眉睫的任务。改造自然界的实践活动是创造世界和创造人的本体,它的先行存在地位决定了它才真正是人们对自然环境负道德责任的形而上学根据,正是通过它才开启出世界的存在和人的存在,因而它才有资格成为道德责任的关怀对象。改造自然界实践活动的先在性,决定了人们怎样进行改造自然界的实践活动,就有怎样的世界存在和怎样的人性。道德上负责任地进行改造自然界的实践活动,意味着人要负责任地创造世界、负责任地创造人的存在。对改造自然界的实践活动负道德责任,就是对自然世界负道德责任、对人本身负道德责任。  相似文献   
390.
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