Problems in Operating a Drug Rehabilitation Center in an Adult Correctional Setting and Some Preventive Guidelines or Strategies

In the operation of a Therapeutic Community (TC) within a prison setting, unique problems arise in blending the two modalities. This article reviews these unique aspects of operating a TC in a correctional setting and discusses possible preventative strategies in ameliorating potential difficulties. Some of the problems include differences in philosophy, nontherapeutic aspects of the prison environment, dependency on the prison environment, and unique staff problems. Specific and general suggestions are made for eliminating or coping with these problems. The authors conclude that changes can be made and effective treatment can exist within the correctional setting.     

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Worldviews of American,Chinese (From Taiwan), and Irish Graduate Counseling Students and Implications for Counseling

This study compares the worldviews of 64 American, 37 Chinese, and 29 Irish graduate counseling students on the Scale to Assess World Views (SAWV; Ibrahim & Kahn, 1987). All of the students were master's students at universities in their respective countries. Results indicated that the Chinese were more individualistic than were either the Americans or the Irish, whereas the Irish saw human nature as more good than either the Chinese or the Americans.     

A Comparison of Perceptions of Love,Guilt, and Anger in Ireland and the United States: Implications for Counseling

This study compared 50 Irish and 50 American graduate and undergraduate psychology and counseling students on the ways they rated feelings of love, anger, and guilt on a semantic differential. A 2 × 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance was used in which the independent variables were class, gender, and country and the dependent variables were the semantic differential scales used for this research. It was found that the undergraduate students from Ireland evaluated the concepts of anger and guilt more positively than did the undergraduate students from the United States.     

LUMP-SUM BONUS SATISFACTION: TESTING THE CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF A NEW PAY SATISFACTION DIMENSION

There are both practical and theoretical reasons to measure lump-sum bonus satisfaction. The practical need for such a measure stems from its increased use as a component in modern compensation practices. Based on the means of administering and allocating lump-sum bonuses, a theoretical case can be built suggesting that lump-sum bonus satisfaction constitutes a separate component of pay satisfaction fitting into the Pay Satisfaction Questionaire's (PSQ) theoretical framework. We develop 4 questions that complement the PSQ, and use a series of techniques to test the convergent and discriminant validity of the measure. Empirical evidence shows that bonus-related items are more related to the lump-sum bonus satisfaction measure than other PSQ dimensions. We also demonstrate that the dimension of lump-sum bonus satisfaction has a substantive relationship with attitudinal variables beyond that provided by pay level variables and the PSQ. The development of this measure should foster greater accuracy when assessing pay satisfaction levels and the effects of lump-sum bonus pay policies.     

EXPLICATING THE IMPLICIT: THE LOCAL LEVEL AND THE MICROPROCESS OF CHANGE IN THE ANALYTIC SITUATION

This paper proposes a method of examining the micro-events of the analytic process that borrows heavily from developmental research. The increasing importance of illuminating the microprocess of interaction to understanding the process of change in analytic treatment is emphasised. A set of constructs and terminology is proposed for the study of the moment-to-moment interactive process in psychoanalytic therapy referred to as the local level. A theory of therapeutic action based on 'local-level' process is then explicated. Its central element involves a step-by-step process of 'fitting together', which leads to changes in implicit knowing through alteration of emotional procedures.