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JEFF MCMAHAN 《Metaphilosophy》2009,40(3-4):582-605
Abstract: This essay explores problems of consistency among commonsense beliefs about the comparative moral status of animals, fetuses, and human beings congenitally endowed with cognitive capacities and potential no higher than those of higher animals. The possibility of genetic cognitive enhancement exacerbates some of these problems, but also offers new resources for understanding the basis of our moral status as inviolable. 相似文献
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EDDIE HARMON-JONES JEFF GREENBERG SHELDON SOLOMON LINDA SIMON 《European journal of social psychology》1996,26(4):677-681
We tested the hypothesis, derived from terror management theory, that mortality salience would increase intergroup bias between minimal groups. After assignment to groups, participants wrote about death or a neutral topic, and rated the personality characteristics of the ingroup and outgroup. Results supported the hypothesis. 相似文献
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WEB‐BASED AND PAPER‐AND‐PENCIL TESTING OF APPLICANTS IN A PROCTORED SETTING: ARE PERSONALITY,BIODATA, AND SITUATIONAL JUDGMENT TESTS COMPARABLE? 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
ROBERT E. PLOYHART JEFF A. WEEKLEY BRIAN C. HOLTZ CARY KEMP 《Personnel Psychology》2003,56(3):733-752
This quasi-experimental study compares the equivalence of proctored Web-based tests to paper-and-pencil tests in a selection setting. The predictor battery was composed of measures of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, a biodata form, and a situational judgment test. Three samples were administered the same test items, but differed with respect to context and test format: 425 incumbents completed a paper-and-pencil version, 2,544 applicants completed a paper-and-pencil version, and 2,356 applicants completed an identical Web-based version (although these individuals were not randomly assigned to test format, the job and organization were the same for all samples). The results found effects for both context and test format. Relative to the applicants completing the paper-and-pencil measures, the Web-based measures showed (a) better distributional properties, (b) lower means, (c) more variance, (d) higher internal consistency reliabilities, and (e) stronger intercorrelations. Although the applicant context resulted in higher mean responses than the incumbent context, this difference was about twice as large for the paper-and-pencil test than for the Web-based test. All such differences were greater for personality measures than for biodata and situational judgment tests. Overall, these results suggest that proctored Web-based testing has some positive benefits relative to paper-and-pencil measures, and we identify several implications of these findings for research and practice. 相似文献
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C. JEFF JACOBSON Jr. SARA E. LUCKHAUPT SHELI DeLANEY & JOEL TSEVAT 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2006,45(1):39-56
Recently, quality of life studies among patients with HIV/AIDS have shown high levels of life satisfaction. Spiritual and religious factors may contribute to these positive outcomes. We interviewed 19 patients with HIV/AIDS in order to understand better the role of religious‐spiritual biographies and orientations in quality of life, and found four patterns to describe the ways in which past experiences with religion/spirituality and religious/spiritual meaning‐making help to explain how patients are currently coping with HIV/AIDS. We illustrate each of these patterns with a prototypic patient: (1) the Deferring Believer (“God allows things to happen for a reason.”); (2) the Collaborating Believer (“This is where I'm supposed to be.”); (3) the Religious/Spiritual Seeker (“I'm trying to get my life together.”); and (4) the Self‐Directing Believer (“What else is new?”). The findings support a previously described theoretical model of meaning‐making in response to adversity, and they suggest the value of life course and narrative approaches to understanding religious coping. 相似文献
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