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排序方式: 共有249条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
Thomas Armstrong Sara Federman Kari Hampson Owen Crabtree Bunmi O. Olatunji 《Behavior Therapy》2021,52(1):149-161
Several studies have observed heightened Pavlovian fear conditioning in PTSD. However, it is unclear how fear conditioning in PTSD is related to risk factors for the disorder, such as anxiety sensitivity. Fifty-one combat-exposed veterans (20 with PTSD, 31 without PTSD) completed a differential fear conditioning task in which one colored rectangle (CS +) predicted a loud scream (US), whereas a different colored rectangle (CS-) predicted no US. Veterans with PTSD were characterized by greater anxiety to the CS + but not the CS- during acquisition and extinction, and greater US expectancy during the CS + but not the CS- at extinction. Also, veterans with PTSD had greater pupil dilation to both CSs at extinction, but not at acquisition. Anxiety sensitivity was correlated with anxiety and US expectancy in response to the CS +, but not the CS-, at both acquisition and extinction, and also with pupil diameter to both the CS + and CS- at extinction. Nearly all of these relations held when covarying for PTSD symptoms and trait anxiety. These findings suggest that increased fear conditioning in PTSD may be related to elevated anxiety sensitivity. 相似文献
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197.
The Williams syndrome cognitive profile 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Mervis CB Robinson BF Bertrand J Morris CA Klein-Tasman BP Armstrong SC 《Brain and cognition》2000,44(3):604-628
Williams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a hemizygous deletion of approximately 1.5 megabases on chromosome 7q11.23. In this article, we outline a Williams Syndrome Cognitive Profile (WSCP) that operationalizes the cognitive characteristics of the syndrome using measures of absolute and relative performance on subtests of the Differential Abilities Scales (Elliot, 1990a). Testing confirmed excellent sensitivity and specificity scores for the WSCP. Seventy-four of 84 individuals with Williams syndrome fit the WSCP while only 4 participants in a contrast group met all of the WSCP criteria. It was also found that the WSCP does not vary greatly with chronological age or overall level of cognitive ability for individuals with Williams syndrome. Possible applications for the WSCP include psychoeducational evaluation and empirical research such as the search for genotype/phenotype relations in this genetically based syndrome. 相似文献
198.
Preparing children for medical examinations: the importance of previous medical experience 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
L M Dahlquist K M Gil F D Armstrong D D DeLawyer P Greene D Wuori 《Health psychology》1986,5(3):249-259
The relationship between past medical experience and children's response to preparation for medical examinations was investigated in 79 pediatric outpatients aged 3 to 12 years. Children were randomly assigned to one of five preparation conditions prior to receiving a medical examination and a throat culture: sensory information about the exam, training in coping skills (deep breathing and positive self-talk), combined sensory information and coping skills training, attention control, and no-treatment control. The results indicated that children with previous negative medical experiences demonstrated more behavioral distress during a throat culture examination that did children with previous positive or neutral medical experiences. In addition, the attention control condition appeared to increase the distress of children with previous negative medical experiences. Amount of past exposure to the specific medical procedure was not related to observed distress. The implications of these findings for the preparation of children for medical procedures are discussed. 相似文献
199.
Gerald C. Armstrong 《Behavior research methods》1985,17(2):183-185
Computer Science Corporation, U.S. Air Force Flight Test Center, Edwards Air Force Base, California Heart waveforms were collected from pilots under laboratory baseline conditions and in flight. Described is the computer-aided method for smoothing the heart waveforms recorded in flight. 相似文献
200.
Armstrong E 《Journal of motor behavior》1989,21(4):493-517
Primates have evolved separately from other mammals since the late Cretaceous, and during this time the two major extant primate groups, prosimians (lorises, lemurs, and tarsiers) and anthropoids (monkeys, apes, and humans) arose. Concurrently, structures within the central nervous system acquired primate characteristics. Not all of the uniquely primate features have been identified in the brain, but several are well known. The pyramidal system, the best studied motor system, shows a distinct primate pattern in its terminal connections in the spinal cord. Other descending systems are less well known, but primate specializations in the vestibular system and red nucleus have been observed. The primary and secondary motor cortices are topographically separated in primates, suggesting one basis for increased complexity. Given the size of the brain, structures in the basal ganglia are relatively enlarged in primates as compared with other mammals, whereas the cerebellum has the same relative size. 相似文献