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171.
Lawrence M. Ward Juliet Armstrong Narly Golestani 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1996,58(5):793-801
Several successful theories of psychophysical judgment imply that exponents of power functions in scaling tasks should covary with measures of intensity resolution such asd’ in the same tasks, whereas the prevailing metatheory of ideal psychophysical scaling asserts the independence of the two. In a direct test of this relationship, three prominent psychophysical scaling paradigms were studied: category judgment without an identification function, absolute magnitude estimation, and cross-modality matching with light intensity as the response continuum. Separate groups of subjects for each scaling paradigm made repeated judgments of the loudnesses of the pure tones that constituted each of two stimulus ensembles. The narrow- and wide-range ensembles shared six identical stimulus intensities in the middle of each set. Intensity resolution, as measured byd’-like distances, of these physically identical stimuli was significantly worse for the wide-range set for all three methods. Exponents of power functions fitted to geometric mean responses, and in magnitude estimation and cross-modality matching the geometric mean responses themselves, were also significantly smaller in the wide-range condition. The variation of power function exponents, and of psychophysical scale values, for stimulus intensities that were identical in the two stimulus sets with the intensities of other members of the ensembles is inconsistent with the metatheory on which modern psychophysical scaling practice is based, although it is consistent with other useful approaches to measurement of psychological magnitudes. 相似文献
172.
173.
Ruth M. Armstrong 《Pastoral Psychology》1982,31(2):129-134
Traditionally, it has been woman's function to nurture; that is, to promote well-being. In view of this, it is fitting to consider the extent to which women may succeed as counselors in the pastoral context. Although possibly hindered by prejudicial attitudes in professional relations with male counselees, women pastors can be uniquely effective in their outreach to other women as well as to married couples and children. Ministering roles include those of mother figure, confidante, conciliator, and preceptress for healthy conscience development. In Jungian terminology, a woman pastoral counselor can serve as the anima which strives to relate the inner self to Christian values. 相似文献
174.
Mary E. Evans Mary I. Armstrong Jason W. Beckstead Jean Lee 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(4):567-576
Since Jane Knitzer’s 1982 report on Unclaimed Children, many states and localities have been developing systems of care to more effectively serve children with serious emotional
disturbance. We report on the methods and outcomes of a two-phase study designed to determine the relationship between the
mechanisms that have been used to establish systems of care and their resulting levels of collaboration. A national survey
of state mental health authorities revealed that, allowing for multiple approaches, 82% of respondents with systems of care
used legislation, 15% used inducements, 41% used capacity building and 44% used other means of system change (e.g., blended
funding). Cluster analysis was used to select 10 sites for visits. Multiple methods of collecting data at these sites were
used including the administration of a scale on collaboration. Data were obtained from 302 respondents. Difference in beliefs
about collaboration and collaborative behaviors were found, indicating that level of collaboration may be an important variable
to consider in studies of outcomes of systems of care for children and families. 相似文献
175.
Patrick Armstrong 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》1993,29(4):339-344
Darwin's notes from the Beagle period abound with observations on animal behavior. Although in places anecdotal and anthropomorphic, they include many detailed, lively comments of the activities of birds, reptiles, mammals, Crustacea, insects, and other invertebrates. In his comparative approach, belief in the importance of heredity, an understanding that behavior might be of assistance in taxonomy, and that it was linked with both the organism's morphology and habitat, and his attempts at experiments, Charles Darwin in his early and mid-twenties was using techniques and concepts that were to be of great significance in his later work. 相似文献
176.
Carol L. Armstrong Bram Goldstein Brian Cohen Mi-Yeoung Jo Emily M. Tallent 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2002,9(2):97-107
Few studies have examined quality of life issues in patients with brain tumors, though coping with cancer is stressful and is associated with heightened levels of depression. We used regression to examine the clinical factors that might predict depression in a group of 57 adults with low-grade brain tumors after surgery but prior to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A neurological model comprised of tumor characteristics and treatment was compared with a psychogenic model comprised of both psychosocial and psychodynamic variables. Demographic variables and level of fatigue were also included. A model consisting primarily of fatigue (also clinically elevated) and secondarily of tumor location and aggressiveness of surgical treatment accounted for 33% of the depression score. In a small group at a later follow-up when patient depression was clinically elevated (4–6 years after baseline), fatigue, female sex, cognitive dysfunction, increased family support, and increased report of physical symptoms were associated with depression. The late out findings remain exploratory because of the small sample size, but they suggest that depression develops over time and results from a combination of neurological and psychosocial problems that ensue initial treatments. Treating these collateral problems may reduce the complications from depression. 相似文献
177.
Keith Armstrong Justine Underhill Ken Epstein Thomas J. Metzler Tahl D. Sendowski Ashley O'Connor Jerika C. Norona Eva C. Ihle 《Family process》2019,58(4):819-831
Reflecting Teams (RTs) are an internationally recognized clinical consultation methodology, first developed by Tom Andersen in 1985. Over the last three decades, family therapists around the world have used RTs to enhance treatment. However, this innovation to family therapy practice is not well‐standardized nor evaluated. The pilot study described in this article is an attempt to expand on the previous studies on RTs, and quantitatively examines RTs conducted with family therapy participants at a university medical center psychiatric institute. Preliminary analyses indicate that after participating in a single RT, family members may feel more hopeful, believe they can better support each other in times of stress, have more confidence in working together, and resolve conflicts. Additionally, the analyses suggest that family members may feel better understood and have more ideas about how to have a conversation with their family members, even though, after the RT, they may not view their family differently. These preliminary results suggest that further studies should explore the influence of RTs on family functioning. 相似文献
178.
Armstrong S 《Psychoanalytic review》2008,95(2):231-257
179.
The results of two experiments supported the hypothesis that, for sexist men, exposure to sexist humor can promote the behavioral release of prejudice against women. Experiment 1 demonstrated that hostile sexism predicted the amount of money participants were willing to donate to a women's organization after reading sexist jokes but not after reading nonhumorous sexist statements or neutral jokes. Experiment 2 showed that hostile sexism predicted the amount of money participants cut from the budget of a women's organization relative to four other student organizations upon exposure to sexist comedy skits but not neutral comedy skits. A perceived local norm of approval of funding cuts for the women's organization mediated the relationship between hostile sexism and discrimination against the women's organization. 相似文献
180.
Goldberg (Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In: I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7-28). Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press) has argued that the commercialization of personality measures limits the range of questions investigated in empirical research. We propose that the commercialization of interest measures has had a similar effect on research in vocational psychology. Following Goldberg’s example of developing public-domain personality markers, we also propose that the development of public-domain interest markers would facilitate new directions in career-related research. The present study outlines the development and validation of a set of public-domain Basic Interest Markers (BIMs) that are freely available on a website. Using Day and Rounds’ (Day, Susan. X, & Rounds, J. (1997). A little more than kin, and less than kind: Basic interests in vocational research and career counseling. Career Development Quarterly, 45, 207-220) basic interest taxonomy, 343 items and 31 BIM scales were generated. Validity evidence is presented from correlations with the General Occupational Themes and Basic Interest Scales of the Strong Interest Inventory (Harmon, L. W., Hansen, J. C., Borgen, F. H., & Hammer, A. L. (1994). Strong Interest Inventory applications and technical guide. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press). Discriminant validity is demonstrated by the capacity for the BIMs to differentiate major field of education or training. Implications for research and use in applied settings are discussed. 相似文献