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941.
Comparing two independent experiments following the same paradigm, the present article ponders the influence of constraints on graphic activity. A first study realized by Athènes et al. (2004) on the reproduction of simple graphic shapes revealed the presence of five preferential shapes when the effector was not constrained. With the forearm fastened, our results suggest that four only shapes are preferential when reproducing these same shapes. Overall, our findings suggest that the addition of a constraint related to the effector does not necessarily imply a negative effect on the graphic landscape. Were this assumption to be confirmed by full-fledged studies, it would be then possible to reveal new preferential shapes that are not spontaneously reproduced without additional constraints. 相似文献
942.
The aim of this research was to study the influence of holiday's duration on children's attentional performances at school. Chronopsychological studies underlined a standard daily attention pattern striking a balance between the different rhythms of the child. This study aimed to answer two questions: the first one considered effect of holiday duration (15 days versus 10 days) on the standard pattern of children attention (returning from their holidays) by taking into account their level of education. The second one considered whether decline of attention on Friday (explained by phenomenon of anticipation of the weekend) was still present after 2 weeks of rest, whatever the children's level of education were. Two hundred and twenty-nine children aged from 6 to 11 took part to this study. Attention level was measured through cross-out tests, which children completed at school during the week following their holidays. The sample was divided into two (schooling) levels: from primary to early elementary (124 first-grade pupils) and late elementary (105 fifth-grade pupils). The study was conducted over 2 weeks, one following All Saints’ Day holidays (which are 10 days long) and one following the Easter holidays (which are 15 days long). The results showed that after a 10-day holiday, the youngest pupils obtained higher performances than after a 2-week holiday, except for Friday, which is considered in the literature as a particularly difficult moment. Furthermore, the pattern collectively admitted as standard was not observed after a 2-week holiday. For older pupils, attention was mobilized 5 consecutive days only after 2 weeks of rest. For all pupils, a 10-day holiday didn’t seem to allow synchronization of children's rhythms, and involved a lower level of attention at the end of week than after a 2-week holiday. 相似文献
943.
Wortzel HS Gutierrez PM Homaifar BY Breshears RE Harwood JE 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(5):500-505
Surrogate endpoints frequently substitute for rare outcomes in research. The ability to learn about completed suicides by investigating more readily available and proximate outcomes, such as suicide attempts, has obvious appeal. However, concerns with surrogates from the statistical science perspective exist, and mounting evidence from psychometric, neurochemical, genetic, and neuroimaging studies suggests that surrogates may be particularly problematic in suicide research. The need for greater phenotypic refinement of suicide-related behaviors, development of and adherence to a shared suicide nomenclature, and conservative interpretation of investigational results that are limited to the precise population and suicide-related behavior under examination are discussed. 相似文献
944.
This paper exemplifies a secondary data analysis of context-specific differences in children's hyperactivity-impulsivity while controlling for informant-specific effects. Participants were boys and girls from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development who were measured in 1(st), 3(rd), and 5(th) grades. Latent factor models were structured using multi-informant reports including mothers, fathers, teachers, and observers. Temporal stability within a context was stronger than cross-context consistency, and the magnitude of longitudinal stability was higher in the home context compared to the school context. Controlling for informant-specific effects resulted in a significantly improved model fit and increased within-context stability. Our findings highlight the importance of considering both context and informant effects when studying longitudinal stability and change in personality development. 相似文献
945.
Lisa Y. Flores Chris Robitschek Christie Andersen 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2010,76(2):198-210
This study examined several propositions of social cognitive career theory (
[Lent et al., 1994] and [Lent et al., 2000]) with a sample of 393 Mexican American college students. It was hypothesized that person input (i.e., age) and background contextual variables (i.e., Anglo orientation, Mexican orientation, familism, instrumentality, and expressivity) would predict career self-efficacy across Holland’s (1997) six RIASEC types. In addition, we examined the proposed relations between career self-efficacy, career interests, and career choice goal across the six RIASEC areas. Our results indicated that (a) Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional career models were similar across gender and university affiliation groups, (b) gender differences were found in the Realistic career model, (c) institutional affiliation differences were found in the Investigative career model, and (d) the models were a good fit to the data. Implications for future vocational research and career interventions are discussed. 相似文献
946.
Nicole M. Rodriguez Rachel H. Thompson Tanya Y. Baynham 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2010,43(1):143-147
The current study presents a method for assessing the relative effects of attention and escape on noncompliance in preschoolers. Attention and escape conditions were alternated in a multielement design, and a contingency reversal procedure, in which one test condition served as a control for the other, was used to demonstrate control. For all 3 participants, noncompliance was maintained, at least in part, by social attention. Functional analyses of noncompliance such as the one described here may be valuable for developing function‐based treatments. 相似文献
947.
Eunice Y. Chen Daniel le Grange Angela Celio Doyle Shannon Zaitsoff Peter Doyle James P. Roehrig Blaine Washington 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2010,40(4):219-224
This case series aims to examine the preliminary efficacy, acceptability and feasibility of Family-Based Treatment to promote
weight restoration in young adults with anorexia nervosa. Four young adults with sub/threshold anorexia nervosa were provided
11–20 sessions of Family-Based Treatment for young adults with pre-, post- and follow-up assessments. At post- and follow-up,
3/4 participants were in the normal weight range, 3/4 were in the non-clinical range on the Eating Disorders Examination and
reported being not/mildly depressed. At post-treatment, 2/4 were in the good psychosocial functioning range and by follow-up,
3/4 were in this range. These results suggest that Family-Based Treatment for young adults with anorexia nervosa is a promising
treatment. 相似文献
948.
949.
In this article, a framework is suggested to deal with the analysis of global environmental risk governance. Climate Change
is taken as a particular form of contemporary environmental risk, and mobilised to refine and characterize some salient aspects
of new governance challenges. A governance framework is elaborated along three basic features: (1) a close relationship with
science, (2) an in-built reflexivity, and (3) forms of governmentality. The UNFCCC-centered system is then assessed according
to this three-tier framework. While the two-first requisites are largely met, the analysis of governmentality points to some
institutional weak spots. 相似文献
950.
In representational momentum (RM), the final position of a moving target is mislocalized in the direction of motion. Here, the effect of a concurrent sound on visual RM was demonstrated. A visual stimulus moved horizontally and disappeared at unpredictable positions. A complex tone without any motion cues was presented continuously from the beginning of the visual motion. As compared with a silent condition, the RM magnitude increased when the sound lasted longer than and decreased when it did not last as long as the visual motion. However, the RM was unchanged when a brief complex tone was presented before or after the target disappeared (Experiment 2) or when the onset of the long-lasting sound was not synchronized with that of the visual motion (Experiments 3 and 4). These findings suggest that visual motion representation can be modulated by a sound if the visual motion information is firmly associated with the auditory information. 相似文献