Intercultural Effectiveness,Authoritarianism, and Ethnic Prejudice

This study examined the extent to which intercultural effectiveness dimensions (cultural empathy, open‐mindedness, social initiative, emotional stability, flexibility) and right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) predicted the ethnic prejudice of 166 Australian respondents toward Indigenous Australians. Intercultural effectiveness was assessed on the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire, and RWA was assessed on the RWA scale, whereas ethnic prejudice was measured on the Modern Racism Scale. The results revealed that intercultural effectiveness (open‐mindedness, flexibility, cultural empathy) was inversely related to ethnic prejudice, with open‐mindedness being the main predictor. Intercultural effectiveness was also inversely related to RWA, the latter being directly related to ethnic prejudice. The implications of these findings for the potential role of intercultural effectiveness in combating ethnic prejudice are discussed.     

Contextual constraint: a Danish language replication of Miller-Selfridge with methodological improvements

Previous studies in the English language have demonstrated the relevance of context and redundancy in assessing the impairment of information processing functions in psychopathology. In the present investigation, Danish language texts, varying in their degree of contextual constraint, were presented orally to 32 normal subjects, following the procedure of Miller & Selfridge (1950). Zero-order texts were created with and without matching for word frequencies, a control that was not employed by Miller & Selfridge. Immediate recall was measured and analysed as a function of degree of contextual constraint. Context effects upon accuracy of recall were obtained. The results essentially replicated the findings of Miller & Selfridge, and those of similar studies in other languages. Word frequency affected accuracy of recall at the zero-order point. The potential value of these texts as research tools in psychopathology is discussed.     

A Decade of Career Development Research: Implications for Theory,Practice, and Research

This study examines trends in the area of career development programs, practices, and research during the last decade based on program sessions at the American Educational Research Association's annual meetings.     

Processing differences in the right and left visual half-field

Strings each containing 3 single digits were displayed tachistoscopically in the right and left visual half-field to 59 normal children, 8 to 14 years old. A distinction between 4 types of responses was made. Correct responses most frequently occurred to items in the left half-field, no half-field advantages was found for reversed responses, and wrong-order responses most frequently occurred to items in the right half-field. These results are explained by suggesting a more analog mode of processing in the left visual half-field and a more conceptual mode of processing in the right half-field. The degree of asymmetry was found to be age-related.     

Rate dependent effects of imipramine: Effects of imipramine on operant behaviour in rats at various levels of water deprivation

The behavioural effects of 1.0, 3.10 and 6.0 mg/kg imipramine injections on lever pressing of rats were studied. Lever pressing was reinforced according to a continuous reinforcement schedule at 0, 24, and 48 h of water deprivation, according to fixed ratio schedules with 22 1/2 h of water deprivation, and according to differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedules with 22 1/2 h of water deprivation. The mean rate of responding per min increased significantly at 1.0 mg/kg on the continuous reinforcement schedule at 24 h of deprivation. Otherwise, a dose-related significant reduction in the mean response rate per min occurred on the fixed raito schedules and partly on the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedules, thus lending support to the idea that rate dependent effects may be produced only on schedules of reinforcement such as the fixed ratio, the fixed interval and the variable interval. The results also indicate that depenent effects may be produced only at moderate levels of water deprivation. Some critical comments are made on concepts of rate dependency in view of the results and of previous finding.