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On the basis of memory structure research, a series of four studies was conducted to determine whether individuals (1) could generate memory structures for de-escalating relationships, (2) agree on the rank ordering of expected actions, (3) distinguish between the typicality of and necessity for the behaviors in relationship decay, and (4) segment prototypical scenes of deteriorating relationships in a time-ordered linear sequence. A number of hypotheses and research questions regarding the generation and processing of expectations for relationship decay are discussed. Results reveal a prototypical mete-memory structure of deterioniting relationships containing 11 actions that could be understood in terms of four underlying factors with slight variations between the perceptions of typicality and necessity of various behaviors. Gender differences, the presence of inferences interspersed among behaviors, and the effect of previous relational histories are discussed in terms of memory structures. Implications for additional research and the development of a stage-appropriate, communication typology an forecast. 相似文献
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The impact of both the static and dynamic visual complexity of a half-hour sequence of “Sesame Street” segments upon viewers' visual attention, recall, and recognition are assessed in this study of 48 four and five year olds. Previous research has produced inconsistent results with respect to the links among the three sets of variables in this observational learning process. Results of a path analysis indicated strong negative relationships between static complexity and all three viewer variables, positive relationships between dynamic complexity and both attention and recognition, and between attention and both types of learning. No significant relationship emerged between dynamic complexity and recall. Implications for television production aimed at young children are discussed. 相似文献
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JAMES S. AULD 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1970,48(10):853-858
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JAMES LULL 《人类交流研究》1980,6(3):197-209
Building from the social constructivist view, this paper provides evidence that audience members create specific and sometimes elaborate practical actions involving television in order to gratify particular needs in the context of family viewing. The ethnography of mass communication is recommended as a methodological framework suitable for discovering and documenting these behaviors. Based on findings from systematic participant observation research, and from the pertinent uses and gratifications literature, a typology of the social uses of television, with emphasis on their communicative value, is presented. Mass media are found to be valuable social resources, not unlike language or the occasions for talk, which are particularly useful to the imaginative social member for the construction and maintenance of desired relations at home. 相似文献
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This study brings to light evidence on the benefits of a methodology for evaluation of organizational communication processes and outcomes—the ICA Communication Audit. The audit procedure was developed and tested by ICA (International Communication Association) Division IV, between 1974–1974. Sixteen field tests of the audit have been conducted from 1974–1977. This study undertook an “after” survey of the 16 audited organizations to determine the degree to which the audit was perceived to improve organizational communication effectiveness as well as overall organizational effectiveness. The findings confirmed the ICA Communication Audit as a valid diagnostic methodology and organization development intervention technique which improved both communication awareness and processes in a majority of audited organizations. 相似文献