世界各种宗教与世界宗教

宗教非常重要 宗教关注整个生命的终极价值,是涉及人类的非常重大的事情。 宗教起团结作用 宗教起团结联合的作用,但宗教一多则起分裂作用。因为各种宗教是分裂的,这对宗教来说是有害的。 传统的区分或分割 每一传统文化均建立它关于生命本质及其价值的原则,并且传授这些原则,使之成为人们的行为规范,因为人们相信这些原则是正确的。但是早期产生的关于生命与价值的信念,缺乏足够的知识,只是因为人们信以为真而且非常重要,这些信念便被视为神圣不可侵犯,是生命不可或缺的。这些原则在孤立环境中,甚至解释力不强时,也还可能使人们获得幸福。但当人们与其他传统的原则与实践发生冲突,另一种传统威胁到他们自己传统时,每个人都相信自己的传统正确而另一种传统错误,他一定会设法反对它。     

Internet resources in applied behavior analysis

Internet communication is becoming an important tool for both academic and clinical areas in psychology and behavior analysis. The Internet, a confederation of thousands of computer systems covering the entire globe (Plaud, 1996b), can significantly enhance behavior analysis in at least three major areas: (a) information exchange and communication among behavior analysts through list servers, (b) dissemination of empirical data and commentary through on-line journals and information servers, and (c) promotion of programs and services in behavior analysis. This commentary provides specific examples in each of these areas and addresses the basics of connecting to the Internet.     

Detection of faking on the MMPI-2: differentiation among faking-bad, denial, and claiming extreme virtue

The purpose of this study was (a) to evaluate the ability of the existing validity indices of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) in detecting faking. bad and faking-good profiles, (b) to differentiate between two strategies for faking-good (denial and claiming extreme virtue), (c) to determine the effectiveness of the new MMPI-2 validity scale, the S scale, in detecting people's tendency to present themselves in a superlative manner, and (d) to explore the response strategy under conditions in which individuals we known to be distorting their responses to the MMPI-2 Participants were 167 undergraduate, college students who were administered the test under different conditions, and 50 hospitalized, psychiatric patients. Mean profile configurations and optimal cutoff scores obtained in this study were similar to those reported in previous studies. Accurate identification of faked profiles was achieved. The new S scale and its subscales, especially S2 (Serenity), S3 (Contentment With Life), and S5 (Denial of Moral Flaws), showed particular promise in detecting faking-good (denial and claiming extreme virtue) profiles, Participant's debriefing provided valuable information about the participants' understanding of the instructions and their deception strategies. The attempts to differentiate between two strategies for faking-good, denial and claiming extreme virtue, were not successful, However, these results should not be taken to indicate that the particular strategies assessed in this study cannot be differentiated. Methodological issues reviewed suggest that further research might yield more understanding of the nature of any deception efforts made by respondents. In addition, future, research is needed to discover if the findings from this study generalize to other clinical settings and populations.