全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13787篇 |
免费 | 288篇 |
国内免费 | 67篇 |
出版年
2012年 | 1322篇 |
2011年 | 1549篇 |
2010年 | 366篇 |
2009年 | 151篇 |
2008年 | 1250篇 |
2007年 | 1243篇 |
2006年 | 1113篇 |
2005年 | 960篇 |
2004年 | 821篇 |
2003年 | 863篇 |
2002年 | 725篇 |
2001年 | 487篇 |
2000年 | 703篇 |
1999年 | 279篇 |
1998年 | 65篇 |
1997年 | 64篇 |
1996年 | 62篇 |
1995年 | 48篇 |
1994年 | 47篇 |
1993年 | 64篇 |
1992年 | 46篇 |
1991年 | 56篇 |
1990年 | 58篇 |
1989年 | 62篇 |
1988年 | 62篇 |
1987年 | 52篇 |
1986年 | 45篇 |
1985年 | 49篇 |
1984年 | 56篇 |
1983年 | 54篇 |
1982年 | 40篇 |
1981年 | 48篇 |
1979年 | 29篇 |
1978年 | 35篇 |
1974年 | 22篇 |
1965年 | 31篇 |
1964年 | 28篇 |
1963年 | 25篇 |
1959年 | 44篇 |
1958年 | 125篇 |
1957年 | 110篇 |
1956年 | 98篇 |
1955年 | 89篇 |
1954年 | 83篇 |
1953年 | 84篇 |
1952年 | 59篇 |
1951年 | 66篇 |
1950年 | 54篇 |
1949年 | 44篇 |
1948年 | 28篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
83.
Michael J 《The Behavior analyst / MABA》1993,16(2):191-206
The first two books on behavior analysis (Skinner, 1938; Keller & Schoenfeld, 1950) had chapter-length coverage of motivation. The next generation of texts also had chapters on the topic, but by the late 1960s it was no longer being given much treatment in the behavior-analytic literature. The present failure to deal with the topic leaves a gap in our understanding of operant functional relations. A partial solution is to reintroduce the concept of the establishing operation, defined as an environmental event, operation, or stimulus condition that affects an organism by momentarily altering (a) the reinforcing effectiveness of other events and (b) the frequency of occurrence of that part of the organism's repertoire relevant to those events as consequences. Discriminative and motivative variables can be distinguished as follows: The former are related to the differential availability of an effective form of reinforcement given a particular type of behavior; the latter are related to the differential reinforcing effectiveness of environmental events. An important distinction can also be made between unconditioned establishing operations (UEOs), such as food deprivation and painful stimulation, and conditioned establishing operations (CEOs) that depend on the learning history of the organism. One type of CEO is a stimulus that has simply been paired with a UEO and as a result may take on some of the motivative properties of that UEO. The warning stimulus in avoidance procedures is another important type of CEO referred to as reflexive because it establishes its own termination as a form of reinforcement and evokes the behavior that has accomplished such termination. Another CEO is closely related to the concept of conditional conditioned reinforcement and is referred to as a transitive CEO, because it establishes some other stimulus as a form of effective reinforcement and evokes the behavior that has produced that other stimulus. The multiple control of human behavior is very common, and is often quite complex. An understanding of unlearned and learned establishing operations can contribute to our ability to identify and control the various components of such multiple determination. 相似文献
84.
People become subject to political and social violence when governments fail to give priority to basic health care or education. Attempts to meet foreign obligations also produce severe economic recessions which further impede efforts to improve the general quality of life of disadvantaged populations. Since multiple factors contribute to violence, a multidisciplinary approach is best suited to address the problem. For example, poverty and its associated risks are linked to violence, but living in poverty does not necessarily engender violence. Living in poverty may, however, fuel high rates of child mortality, illiteracy, malnutrition, excessive population growth, street children, and familial disintegration. An integrated action program was developed in Brazil for at-risk individuals and their families based upon the idea of building and reinforcing family ties and intergenerational togetherness. Undernourished infants, street children, the handicapped, women subjected to violence, and neglected senior citizens received special interventions in the program described in the text. 相似文献
85.
86.
87.
重建权利和义务的平衡 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以往我们过多地强调权利而忽视义务的教育使一些人错误地认为人们只有权利而不必尽义务。第二次世界大战后第二代人的一个代言人曾经提出一种新的、来自责任方面的自由,这种自由是指,人 相似文献
88.
89.
The temporal characteristics of repetitive finger tapping by the left and right hands were examined in two experiments. In the first experiment, interresponse intervals (IRIs) were recorded while right-handed male subjects tapped in synchrony with an auditory timing pulse (the synchronization phase) and then attempted to maintain the same tapping rate without the timing pulses (the continuation phase). The left and right hands performed separately, at four different rates (interpulse intervals of 250, 500, 750, and 1500 ms). There was no asymmetry of the asynchronies of the timing pulses and the associated responses in the synchronization phase or of the IRIs in either phase, but there was an asymmetry of chronization phase or of the IRIs in either phase, but there was an asymmetry in the temporal dispersion of the responses in both phases. in the second experiment, right-handed males tapped separately with each hand at three different speeds: as quickly as possible, at a fast but steady rate, and at a slow rhythmical rate. The speed asymmetry present when tapping as quickly as possible (with the preferred hand tapping more quickly ) was reduced when tapping at the fast steady rate and was absent when tapping at the slow rhythmical rate. The temporal dispersion of the IRIs produced by the nonpreferred hand was greater than the temporal dispersion of those produced by the preferred hand in all speed conditions. These results show smaller temporal dispersion of tapping by the preferred hand in right-handed males under different conditions, including submaximal speeds at which both hands respond at the same rate. This suggests that the motor system controlling the preferred hand in right-handers had more precise timing of response output than that controlling the nonpreferred hand. 相似文献
90.
Languages differ in their phonological structure and physcholinguists have begun to explore the conseqence, of this fact for speech perception. We review research documenting that listeners attune their perceptual processes finaly to exploit the phonological regularities of their nativ language. As a consequence, these perceptual process are fill-adapted to listening to languages that do not display such, regularities. Thus, not only do late language-learners have trouble speaking a second language, also they do not hear it as native speakers do; worse, they apply their native language listening prosedures which may actually interfere with successful processing of the non-native input. We also present data from studies on infants showing that the initial attuning occurs early in life; very yong infants are sensitive to the relevant phonological regularities which distinguish different languages, and quickly distinguish the native language of their environment from languages with different regularities. 相似文献