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151.
Patrick S. R. Davidson Shaun P. Cook Elizabeth. L. Glisky 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(2):196-206
Flashbulb memories (FMs) are vivid, long-lasting memories for the source of surprising, arousing news. Laboratory studies have consistently found that older adults, especially those with below-average frontal lobe (FL) function, are impaired in source memory relative to young. We tested memory for the source of news concerning the September 11th terrorist attacks in older adults with high or low frontal lobe function and in young people. We found no age differences in source memory a year after the event and no differences related to FL function. Flashbulb memories may be different from usual cases of source memory because of their emotional content, personal importance, or social relevance. 相似文献
152.
Friendship is a consistent correlate of happiness, yet less is known about the associations of friendship specific experiences and feelings with happiness. In this study (n = 4,382) the roles of perceived responses to capitalization attempts, perceived mattering to and satisfaction of basic psychological needs in same-sex best friendships in happiness among men and women were investigated. Findings showed that although all of the friendship variables were positively associated with happiness to varying degrees, basic needs satisfaction emerged as the strongest predictor of happiness. Additional analyses revealed that competence need satisfaction was the most important need predicting happiness. Importantly, these findings were gender invariant. The findings were discussed in light of theory and empirical literature and suggestions were made for future research. 相似文献
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155.
Elizabeth A. Cook Charlie A. Davidson Jeffrey R. Nolting William D. Spaulding 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):111-120
Ratings of ward behavior and skill acquisition are important criteria for monitoring an individual’s recovery trajectory during
inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation. This study compared data from the Nurses’ Observational Scale for Inpatient Evaluation
(NOSIE) and the Independent Living Skills Inventory (ILSI) to identify relationships between ward behaviors and independent
living skills and to support the convergent validity of these instruments. The criterion-related validity of the instruments
in their relationships with time in program (TIP) and number of previous hospitalizations (#HOSP) was also investigated. NOSIE
“positive” subscales were more strongly related to living skills than NOSIE “negative” subscales. The NOSIE and the ILSI predicted
TIP and postdicted #HOSP equally well. Implications for assessment and recommendations for future research are discussed. 相似文献
156.
The primary aims of the present longitudinal study were to examine (a) patterns of early transition relatedness with teachers and peers in 6th grade, (b) whether pre-transition behavior in 5th grade predicted early transition relatedness in 6th grade, and (c) how unique indicators of early transition relatedness with teachers and peers and patterns of early transition relatedness were associated with school adjustment among 383 rural, lower- to middle-class, White youth. Results suggest that behavioral characteristics in elementary school may contribute to early transition patterns of relatedness with teachers and peers in middle school. Findings also indicate that having a pattern of poor relationships with the primary social partners in the school context is negatively associated with adjustment above and beyond the independent indicators of relatedness. Implications for school practice are discussed. 相似文献
157.
Prolonged institutional rearing is associated with atypically large amygdala volume and difficulties in emotion regulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nim Tottenham Todd A. Hare Brian T. Quinn Thomas W. McCarry Marcella Nurse Tara Gilhooly Alexander Millner Adriana Galvan Matthew C. Davidson Inge-Marie Eigsti Kathleen M. Thomas Peter J. Freed Elizabeth S. Booma Megan R. Gunnar Margaret Altemus Jane Aronson B.J. Casey 《Developmental science》2010,13(1):46-61
Early adversity, for example poor caregiving, can have profound effects on emotional development. Orphanage rearing, even in the best circumstances, lies outside of the bounds of a species-typical caregiving environment. The long-term effects of this early adversity on the neurobiological development associated with socio-emotional behaviors are not well understood. Seventy-eight children, who include those who have experienced orphanage care and a comparison group, were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure volumes of whole brain and limbic structures (e.g. amygdala, hippocampus). Emotion regulation was assessed with an emotional go-nogo paradigm, and anxiety and internalizing behaviors were assessed using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, the Child Behavior Checklist, and a structured clinical interview. Late adoption was associated with larger corrected amygdala volumes, poorer emotion regulation, and increased anxiety. Although more than 50% of the children who experienced orphanage rearing met criteria for a psychiatric disorder, with a third having an anxiety disorder, the group differences observed in amygdala volume were not driven by the presence of an anxiety disorder. The findings are consistent with previous reports describing negative effects of prolonged orphanage care on emotional behavior and with animal models that show long-term changes in the amygdala and emotional behavior following early postnatal stress. These changes in limbic circuitry may underlie residual emotional and social problems experienced by children who have been internationally adopted. 相似文献
158.
Younger and older Muslim and non-Muslim women living in the United States completed questionnaires about body satisfaction and their internalization of Western standards of beauty (thin-ideal). Younger Muslim women wearing non-Western clothing and a head veil were significantly less likely to express drive for thinness or pressure to attain a thin-ideal standard of beauty than women wearing Western dress or younger women wearing non-Western dress without a head veil. Older women, while expressing greater discrepancy between their ideal body shape and their current body shape, and less satisfaction with their bodies than younger women, reported less drive for thinness and less pressure to attain the Western thin-ideal standard of beauty than younger women. These results are discussed in terms of how factors such as age and religion may serve as protective factors against a strong or unhealthy drive for thinness or thin-ideal standard. 相似文献
159.
Denise Davidson 《Motivation and emotion》2006,30(3):232-242
In past research, emotion has been classified as basic, self-conscious or self-conscious evaluative, with each type of emotion
being progressively more difficult for children to understand (Lewis, M. (2000a). In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.),
Handbook of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 265–280), New York, NY: The Guilford Press). Although researchers have examined children’s understanding of
individual emotions (e.g., guilt), researchers have not assessed children’s understanding and memory for emotions based on
this classification. In the present research, 6-, 8- and 10-year-old children’s memory and understanding of basic, self-conscious
and self-conscious evaluative emotions were examined. Although a memory advantage was found for emotions, this effect was
less so for the younger children and less so for non-basic emotions. In fact, 6-year-old children and, to a lesser extent
8-year-old children, were more likely than older children to recall self-conscious and self-conscious evaluative emotions
with basic emotion labels, and were more likely to explain them using basic emotion labels. Overall, negative emotions (e.g.,
mad, guilt) were better recalled than positive emotions (e.g., happy, pride), regardless of type of emotion. Gender differences
were found as girls were more likely to remember emotion than boys, especially when the emotion action was specifically labeled
and a female character experienced it.
Proportions of this research were presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (2005),
Atlanta, Georgia and the meeting of the Cognitive Development Society (2005), San Diego, CA. 相似文献
160.