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151.
Marta Filickova Iveta Kovalcikova Ivan Ropovik 《International journal of psychology》2016,51(5):383-391
This study examines the relationship between simultaneous and successive processing (the Planning, Attention, Simultaneous and Successive processing [PASS] theory processes) and reading skills in English as a foreign language (EFL). A group of 81 children were administered two batteries of tests. One was used to measure EFL reading skills, while the other one assessed simultaneous and successive processing. We hypothesised (a) cognitive processes to predict reading ability, as well as (b) the presence of a significant relationship between (c) simultaneous processing and reading comprehension and (d) successive processing and letter and word decoding. The findings confirmed that the anticipated relationships between these domains exist and are of moderate effect size. The research has helped to contribute to the understanding of how simultaneous and successive processing can affect EFL reading skills both on the level of basic word and letter decoding and reading comprehension. 相似文献
152.
Childhood physical and sexual abuse in depressed patients with single and multiple suicide attempts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Research has shown both childhood physical and sexual abuse to be associated with later suicide attempts, although some studies have not supported these findings. However, few studies have investigated differences in physical and sexual abuse histories among single and multiple suicide attempters. The goals of the current study were two-fold: (a) to replicate previous findings of associations between childhood sexual and physical abuse and suicide attempts, and (b) to explore differences in reports of childhood physical and sexual abuse among single and multiple suicide attempters. While our results supported the findings that individuals with a history of suicide attempts are more likely to report histories of childhood physical and sexual abuse, we did not find a difference in reported abuse between single and multiple suicide attempters. Implications of these findings, as well as implications for future research, are discussed. 相似文献
153.
Systemic family therapy accounts of ethnic stereotypes in the context of ethnically mixed couple relationships have tended to focus on the interpersonal-psychological realm of the couple relationship. Discourse analytic research, on the other hand, has highlighted the role of such stereotypes in the construction of national identity and has stressed the importance of a historical and ideological approach. In this article, we will present our attempt to develop a systemic-discursive approach to the study of stereotypes in the particular context of British-Greek heterosexual couple relationships by building on both fields. 相似文献
154.
Siegel SD Molton I Penedo FJ Llabre MM Kinsinger DP Traeger L Schneiderman N Antoni MH 《Journal of personality assessment》2007,89(3):303-309
Prostate carcinoma (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. Treatments for localized PC are associated with side effects including sexual dysfunction, which has been linked to decrements in health-related quality of life and elevated distress levels. In this study, we examined the relationship between 2 personality traits, interpersonal sensitivity and lack of sociability, assessed by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP; Pilkonis, Kim, Proietti, & Barkham, 1996) and recovery of sexual functioning in 121 men (M age = 60.6 years) recently treated with radical prostatectomy. Interpersonal sensitivity refers to the predisposition to perceive and elicit criticism and rejection from others; lack of sociability refers to chronic difficulties taking the initiative in interpersonal situations. After adjusting for relevant covariates, interpersonal sensitivity, but not sociability, was significantly associated with lower levels of sexual functioning. Patient-physician communication and partner perceived social support were explored as mediators of this relationship. Although interpersonal sensitivity was significantly associated with both poorer patient-physician communication and lower levels of partner support, the results did not support mediation. This study provides preliminary evidence that certain IIP-assessed interpersonal styles may complicate the recovery of sexual functioning after surgical treatment for PC. 相似文献
155.
A link between role of two prefrontal areas in immediate memory and in long-term memory consolidation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Izquierdo LA Barros DM da Costa JC Furini C Zinn C Cammarota M Bevilaqua LR Izquierdo I 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2007,88(2):160-166
The dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex are critical for immediate memory processing. The possibility has been raised that those two areas may also contribute to long-term memory formation. Here, we studied the role of specific receptors in dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex in immediate and in long-term memory formation of one-trial inhibitory avoidance. Four different specific receptor ligands were infused into these two areas: the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390, the GABA(A) receptor agonist, muscimol, the AMPA glutamatergic receptor antagonist, ciano-nitro-quinoxaline-dione (CNQX), and the NMDA glutamatergic receptor antagonist, aminophosphonovaleric acid (AP5). In all cases the doses used had been previously shown to affect immediate or long-term memory. In the experiments on immediate memory the drugs were given 5 min before training and the animals were tested 3s post-training. These animals were then also tested 24h later for long-term memory. The effect of the treatments on long-term memory was studied by their infusion 0, 90, 180 or 270 min post-training, testing the animals 24h after training. Immediate memory was inhibited by SCH23390, muscimol and CNQX, but not by AP5, given into any of the two subregions. Long-term memory formation was inhibited by SCH23390, muscimol and CNQX, but not by AP5, given pre-training or 0, 90 or 180 but not 270 min post-training into the dorsolateral region; or 90 but not 0 or 180 min post-training into the medial region. Thus, there is a time- and receptor-dependent correlation in the two areas between their role in immediate and in long-term memory processing. Both roles require intact glutamate AMPA and dopamine D1 receptors, are inhibited by GABAergic synapses, and are unaffected by AP5. In the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex the link between immediate and long-term memory appears to be direct; in the medial area the link suffers a 90 min delay. 相似文献
156.
Sarah E. Newman-Norlund Matthijs L. Noordzij Roger D. Newman-Norlund Inge A.C. Volman Peter Hagoort Ivan Toni 《Cognition》2009,111(1):46-54
The ability to design tailored messages for specific listeners is an important aspect of human communication. The present study investigates whether a mere belief about an addressee’s identity influences the generation and production of a communicative message in a novel, non-verbal communication task. Participants were made to believe they were playing a game with a child or an adult partner, while a confederate acted as both child and adult partners with matched performance and response times. The participants’ belief influenced their behavior, spending longer when interacting with the presumed child addressee, but only during communicative portions of the game, i.e. using time as a tool to place emphasis on target information. This communicative adaptation attenuated with experience, and it was related to personality traits, namely Empathy and Need for Cognition measures. Overall, these findings indicate that novel nonverbal communicative interactions are selected according to a socio-centric perspective, and they are strongly influenced by participants’ traits. 相似文献
157.
Completing clinical evaluations of juveniles considered for transfer to criminal court requires specialized expertise. However, there is little empirical foundation upon which they can be based. Within each of the three major evaluation domains (amenability to treatment, risk for future violence, and sophistication/maturity), we ask the following questions: a) Can forensic examiners properly assess this area, and if so using what tools?; b) How can social science research clarify the transfer evaluation, particularly as it is impacted by systems issues?; and c) How should the evaluation be structured? In doing so, we review clinical suggestions for completing these evaluations and identify pertinent research directions. A number of general issues specific to these evaluations are also discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
158.
Tobias Winner Luc Selen Anke Murillo Oosterwijk Lennart Verhagen W. Pieter Medendorp Iris van Rooij Ivan Toni 《Cognitive Science》2019,43(5)
A long‐standing debate in the study of human communication centers on the degree to which communicators tune their communicative signals (e.g., speech, gestures) for specific addressees, as opposed to taking a neutral or egocentric perspective. This tuning, called recipient design, is known to occur under special conditions (e.g., when errors in communication need to be corrected), but several researchers have argued that it is not an intrinsic feature of human communication, because that would be computationally too demanding. In this study, we contribute to this debate by studying a simple communicative behavior, communicative pointing, under conditions of successful (error‐free) communication. Using an information‐theoretic measure, called legibility, we present evidence of recipient design in communicative pointing. The legibility effect is present early in the movement, suggesting that it is an intrinsic part of the communicative plan. Moreover, it is reliable only from the viewpoint of the addressee, suggesting that the motor plan is tuned to the addressee. These findings suggest that recipient design is an intrinsic feature of human communication. 相似文献
159.
160.
Brandon A. Gaudiano PhD Margaret S. Andover PhD Ivan W. Miller PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2008,38(5):539-551
There is a paucity of research on the emergence of suicidal ideation in recently hospitalized patients undergoing treatment for depression. As part of a larger clinical trial, patients (N = 103) with major depression without suicidal ideation at hospital discharge were followed for up to 6 months while receiving study‐related outpatient treatments. Fifty‐five percent reported the emergence of suicidal ideation during the outpatient period, with the vast majority (79%) exhibiting this problem within the first 2 months post‐discharge. Seventy percent of those reporting severe suicidality prior to hospitalization exhibited a reemergence of suicidal ideation post‐discharge. However, 29% without significant suicidality at the index hospitalization later developed suicidal ideation during the outpatient treatment period. A faster time to the emergence of suicidal ideation was predicted by both higher prehospitalization levels of suicidal ideation as well as greater depression severity at hospital discharge. Overall, rates of emergent suicidal ideation found in the current sample of recently hospitalized patients were higher than those reported in previous outpatient samples. 相似文献